Recent advances in the brain imaging of social anxiety disorder

Fouché, Jean-Paul; Wee, Nic J.A. van der; Roelofs, Karin; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1002/hup.2281

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These include negative and threatening facial expressions, which activate the amygdala in SAD [38] and in generalized social phobia [39] as well as other images imbued with a social context. For instance, when presented with negative images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) [40], individuals with gSAD displayed heightened bilateral amygdala activity compared to controls, and the extent of this activation was associated with the severity of the disorder [41].…”

Section: Brain Regions Implicated In Anxiety Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging and Anxiety: the Neural Substrates of Pathological and Non-pathological Anxiety

Taylor

Whalen

2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Advances in the use of noninvasive neuroimaging to study the neural correlates of pathological and non-pathological anxiety have shone new light on the underlying neural bases for both the development and manifestation of anxiety. This review summarizes the most commonly observed neural substrates of the phenotype of anxiety. We focus on the neuroimaging paradigms that have shown promise in exposing this relevant brain circuitry. In this way, we offer a broad overview of how anxiety is studied in the neuroimaging laboratory and the key findings that offer promise for future research and a clearer understanding of anxiety.

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Section: Brain Regions Implicated In Anxiety Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging and Anxiety: the Neural Substrates of Pathological and Non-pathological Anxiety

Taylor

Whalen

2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…Such factors regulate neuronal survival and proliferation, or promote the expansion of dendritic spines [160-162]. One such factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is indeed synthesized and secreted by brain structures such as hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex and amygdala [163-165], which are related to anxiety-like behavior [166, 167]. Sub-chronic induction of oxidative stress leads to reduction of BDNF levels and NFκB mediated upregulation of proinflammatory factors [113].…”

Section: Neurotrophic Factors Oxidative Stress and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Imbalance and Anxiety Disorders

Krolow

Arcego

Noschang

et al. 2014

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The oxidative imbalance appears to have an important role in anxiety development. Studies in both humans and animals have shown a strong correlation between anxiety and oxidative stress. In humans, for example, the increased malondialdehyde levels and discrepancies in antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes have been observed. In animals, several studies also show that anxiety-like behavior is related to the oxidative imbalance. Moreover, anxiety-like behavior can be caused by pharmacological-induced oxidative stress. Studies using knockout or overexpression of antioxidant enzymes have shown a relationship between anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress. Related factors of oxidative stress that could influence anxious behavior are revised, including impaired function of different mitochondrial proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and neurotrophic factors. It has been suggested that a therapy specifically focus in reducing reactive species production may have a beneficial effect in reducing anxiety. However, the neurobiological pathways underlying the effect of oxidative stress on anxiety symptoms are not fully comprehended. The challenge now is to identify the oxidative stress mechanisms likely to be involved in the induction of anxiety symptoms. Understanding these pathways could help to clarify the neurobiology of the anxiety disorder and provide tools for new discovery in therapies and preventive strategies.

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“…Brain imaging research on SAD has identified several regions showing differential patterns of activity and structure compared to controls, including the ACC, amygdala, the insula, and medial prefrontal cortex (Etkin and Wager, 2007 ; Freitas-Ferrari et al, 2010 ; Fouche et al, 2013 ; Hattingh, 2013 ; Brühl et al, 2014 ). In addition, several lines of research have indeed linked SAD to alteration of striatal activity and dopamine levels, see Freitas-Ferrari et al ( 2010 ) for an overview.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural sensitivity to social reward and punishment anticipation in social anxiety disorder

Cremers

Veer

Spinhoven

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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An imbalance in the neural motivational system may underlie Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). This study examines social reward and punishment anticipation in SAD, predicting a valence-specific effect: increased striatal activity for punishment avoidance compared to obtaining a reward. Individuals with SAD (n = 20) and age, gender, and education case-matched controls (n = 20) participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. During fMRI scanning, participants performed a Social Incentive Delay (SID) task to measure the anticipation of social reward and punishment. The left putamen (part of the striatum) showed a valence-specific interaction with group after correcting for medication use and comorbidity. The control group showed a relatively stronger activation for reward vs. punishment trials, compared to the social anxiety group. However, post-hoc pairwise comparisons were not significant, indicating that the effect is driven by a relative difference. A connectivity analysis (Psychophysiological interaction) further revealed a general salience effect: SAD patients showed decreased putamen-ACC connectivity compared to controls for both reward and punishment trials. Together these results suggest that the usual motivational preference for social reward is absent in SAD. In addition, cortical control processes during social incentive anticipation may be disrupted in SAD. These results provide initial evidence for altered striatal involvement in both valence-specific and valence-nonspecific processing of social incentives, and stress the relevance of taking motivational processes into account when studying social anxiety.

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Recent advances in the brain imaging of social anxiety disorder

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Neuroimaging and Anxiety: the Neural Substrates of Pathological and Non-pathological Anxiety

Neuroimaging and Anxiety: the Neural Substrates of Pathological and Non-pathological Anxiety

Oxidative Imbalance and Anxiety Disorders

Neural sensitivity to social reward and punishment anticipation in social anxiety disorder

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