Recent advances in the flame retardancy role of graphene and its derivatives in epoxy resin materials

Pyrolysis Kinetics of Lignin-Based Flame Retardants Containing MOFs Structure for Epoxy Resins

“…Epoxy resin (EP), as one of the important thermosetting plastics, has high mechanical strength, excellent adhesion, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation, etc., and has been widely used in construction, automotive, electronics, and aerospace fields [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. However, the inherent flammability and smoke emission of EP greatly limit its application in some specific areas [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, the flame-retardant modification of EP is of great importance.…”

Improving the curing and flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites by multifunctional Si-containing cyclophosphazene derivatives

“…As one class of important thermoset polymers, epoxy (EP) resins are widely applied in high-performance composites, such as in the aerospace, military, marine, and automobile industries due to excellent thermal stability, and high cohesiveness but low shrinkage. [1][2][3] The requirements of multi-functionalization and highly efficient manufacturing for modern intelligent products are increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to endow EP resins simultaneously with ame retardancy, low curing temperature and high curing rate.…”

Functionalizing mesoporous silica with a nano metal–organic phosphonate towards mechanical‐robust, thermal‐resistant, and fire‐safety epoxy resin

“…Unfortunately, EP is extremely flammable with many heat and smoke emissions. To conquer this problem, various halogen‐free flame retardants have been investigated to modify EP, such as metal hydroxides, 4 phosphorous or nitrogenous compounds, 5–7 and some other compounds 8–10 . High loadings of these flame retardants are generally needed to satisfy essential flame retardancy (e.g., UL‐94 V‐0) of EP composites, however deteriorate their mechanical performance or thermal resistance as well.…”

“…To conquer this problem, various halogen-free flame retardants have been investigated to modify EP, such as metal hydroxides, 4 phosphorous or nitrogenous compounds, [5][6][7] and some other compounds. [8][9][10] High loadings of these flame retardants are generally needed to satisfy essential flame retardancy (e.g., UL-94 V-0) of EP composites, however deteriorate their mechanical performance or thermal resistance as well. For example, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as one of the most used flame retardants, helped EP achieve UL-94 V-1 rating at the loading of 10 phr (parts per hundred resin), but also decreased the glass transition temperature (T g ) and initial thermal-degradation temperature (T 5% ) of the EP composite by 38 and 40 C, respectively in contrast with those of pure EP.…”