Recent Advances in the Genetic Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Review

Abstract

Infants born with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), a complex congenital malformation occurring in 1/2500-4000 live births, may suffer threats to their cardiac, respiratory, and digestive health in addition to anomalies that may exist in the genitourinary and musculoskeletal systems. Optimal care for these patients throughout their lives is best achieved through a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach that our healthcare system is not always well- equipped to provide. This review, though not exhaustive, highlights the components of care that pertain to initial surgical reconstruction and subsequent diagnosis and management of the complications that are most frequently encountered. Authors from among the many specialties involved in the care of these patients summarize the current best practice with attention to the most recent advances. Assessment and improvement of quality of life and transition to adult specialists as children grow to adulthood is also reviewed.

A new paradigm for pediatric behavioral health care

“…The closer collaborative environment associated with integrating care in the same location appears to stimulate new and important collaborative thinking and investigation and leads to an increased focus and to academic productivity. Examples of such productivity include work on adherence, 2–5 functional symptoms, 6 dietary behaviors 7 ; emotional stability 8 ; and outcomes in complex congenital diseases 9 to name just a few areas of collaboration.…”