Recent Advances in the Growth Strategies, Multifunctional Properties, and Emerging Applications of Two‐Dimensional Non‐van der Waals Bismuth Oxychalcogenides and Prospective Heterostructures

Abstract

With the advent of two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, many non‐van der Waals (nvdW) materials have been synthesized and are being exploited for novel applications. Bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi2O2X; X is S, Se, Te), a nvdW series with moderate band gap semiconductors, possess high carrier mobility and air stability. The layers in Bi2O2X stay with a formal bond, giving rise to distinct structural, optical, thermal, and electronic properties different from conventional vdW materials. Herein, these properties, their synthesis, and transfer methods of 2D Bi2O2X are examined. The photodetector application of Bi2O2X and their heterostructure (HS) is surveyed with special attention to Bi2O2Se. Beyond the photodetector, the other emerging application fields, such as gas‐bio sensors, optoelectronic imaging, integrated memory, solar cells, and photothermal technology of Bi2O2X are looked over. Based on the ongoing research and challenges, the strategies for future innovations are presented from basics to miniaturized applications. In view of the band offsets of vdW and nvdW semiconductors, the type of HS of a series of 94 vdW‐nvdW sets is proposed. This review will guide future studies on Bi2O2X and their HS to meet the increasing demands in multifunctional applications from the laboratory to the industrial scale.

Laser power and high-temperature dependent Raman studies of layered bismuth and copper-based oxytellurides for optoelectronic applications

“…Consequently, all these modes are observed to have frequencies below 600 cm −1 . 73 The redshift of the phonon modes in a crystal indicates the sensitivity of the cation distribution to changes in temperature. This phenomenon highlights the intricate connection between the crystal's atomic arrangement and vibrational properties.…”

Two-Dimensional Bi2O5Te Nanosheets for Sensitive and Fast Response Broadband Visible Light Photodetectors

“…Photodetection applications of Bi 2 O 2 X materials are becoming a pretty exciting domain for many researchers nowadays. 27 Recent theoretical research on the thermodynamics of growth in the Bi 2 O 2 X family has highlighted the significant challenge in synthesizing stable Bi 2 O 2 Te, primarily due to various binary phases and a narrow window of chemical potential. 28 Researchers have found the preparation of Bi 2 O 2 Te to be a challenging task.…”

“…A new type of quasi-2D semiconducting material called bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi 2 O 2 X, where X = S, Se, Te) has recently drawn the interest of the scientific community. − These materials’ unique structure, exceptional air stability, excellent electronic properties, ultrahigh electron mobility, low thermal conductivity, ferroelectric/ferro elastic properties, and robust spin–orbit coupling have created significant interest in the electronic industry and fundamental research. − Amidst the family of bismuth oxychalcogenides, Bi 2 O 2 Se has gotten much attention recently, both experimentally and theoretically, due to its excellent air stability, high carrier mobility, quantum transport behavior, and good photoelectric performance. − Another member of the family Bi 2 O 2 Te with its potential to exhibit a range of intriguing properties, such as smaller effective mass, increased spin–orbit coupling, and ferroelectric behavior under in-plane stress, suggests that it may offer rich physics compared to Bi 2 O 2 Se. − However, its exploration is lacking due to the unavailability of efficient methods for achieving the growth of stoichiometrically stable Bi 2 O 2 Te. Photodetection applications of Bi 2 O 2 X materials are becoming a pretty exciting domain for many researchers nowadays . Recent theoretical research on the thermodynamics of growth in the Bi 2 O 2 X family has highlighted the significant challenge in synthesizing stable Bi 2 O 2 Te, primarily due to various binary phases and a narrow window of chemical potential …”

Optimizing Thermoelectric Performance of Hybrid Crystals Bi2O2Se1−xTex in the Bi2O2X System

“…Several parameters are involved in actual energy conversion efficiency, known as the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). In the formula ZT = S 2 •σ•T κ , S, σ, T, and κ represent the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, absolute temperature, and thermal conductivity [3]. Theoretically, the carrier concentration affects the parameters influencing the ZT value.…”