Recent Advances in the Modification and Characterization of Solid‐State Nanopores

Abstract

Nanopores, due to their advantages of being modifiable, controllability and sensitivity, have made a splash in recent years in the fields of biomolecular sequencing, small molecule detection, salt differential power generation, and biomimetic ion channels. In these applications, the role of chemical or biological modification is indispensable. Compared with small molecules, the modification of polymers is more difficult and the methods are more diverse. Choosing an appropriate modification method directly determines the success or failure of a research project; therefore, it is necessary to summarize polymer modification methods toward nanopores. In addition, it is also important to provide clear and convincing evidence that the nanopore modification is successful, the corresponding characterization methods are also indispensable. Therefore, this review will summarize the methods of polymer modification of nanopores and efficient characterization methods. We hope that this review will provide some reference value for like-minded researchers.

Engineering Biological Nanopore Approaches toward Protein Sequencing

“…Other than a nanopore’s macroscopic morphology, advanced method-based functionalization of the nanopore’s inner surfaces can also be implemented. For example, chemical modification, − mutations, ,, and combination with aptamer molecules, , etc., have the potential to provide the required sensitivity, selectivity, and capture efficiency by manipulating interactions between proteins/peptides/AAs and nanopores. − All of these advances will be complemented by improvements in protein-folding predictions. From the current recording and signal analysis perspective, some noteworthy investigations have been performed on current noise fluctuations and signal bandwidth, ,, calibration of instrument differences, improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), increasing signal specificity, , and introducing more dimensional parameters for data analysis, etc., which have made significant strides in the nanobiotechnology arena.…”

Recent developments in visible light induced polymerization towards its application to nanopores

“…the increasing number of reported visible light induced polymerizations. [1][2][3] Polymer functionalized nanopores, for example, allow for specific control of molecular transport which is relevant in separation, energy conversion, sensing, or release. 2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Especially, gating of molecular transport using stimuli-responsive polymers in nanopores has been demonstrated for all possible stimuli from pH, ion interaction to redox or even magnetic gating.…”