Recent Advances in the Preparation of Oil Palm Waste-Based Adsorbents for Removal of Environmental Pollutants - A Review

Insights into the Applications of Natural Fibers to Metal Separation from Aqueous Solutions

“…Fibrous adsorbents for wastewater treatment -Modified textile fibers Fibrous ion exchangers based on fibers of cellulose, wool polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene terephtalate, and polyamide for remediation of heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous effluents [56] -Natural and synthetic fibers Natural and synthetic fibers for oil spill treatment and removal of trace metals and dyes; representative fibrous natural and synthetic polymer adsorbents for uranium remediation in wastewaters and sea water [57,58] -Natural fibers modified by graft copolymerization Treatment for natural fibers; graft copolymerization onto natural fibers; application of grafted natural fibers for removal of heavy metal ions, dyes, other toxic pollutants; recovery of precious/ are earth metals [59] -Natural plant fibers Overview of natural fibers; fiber treatment; types of physical forms of adsorbent materials; natural plant fibers for effluent treatment; adsorption ability of agro-fiber wastes for textile industrial pollutants (dyes, heavy metal ions, oils) [60,61] -Hemp fibers Sorption removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions by different types of hemp fibers; the applicability of sorbents based on hemp fibers for water and wastewater treatment [62] -Data palm surface fiber Types and characteristics of data palm fibers; performances of data palm surface fiber in the removal of pollutants (acid and basic dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, oils) from wastewaters [63] -Kapok fibers Pretreatments and surface modification of kapok fibers; heavy metal and dye adsorption on modified kapok fibers [64] -Luffa fibers Effective parameters in adsorption; characteristics of Luffa and its derivations; Luffa, its composites, preparation, and comparisons with other adsorbents [65] Adsorbents based on a certain type of natural fiber precursor biomaterial -Hemp Biosorption, a useful decontamination process for contaminant removal; hemp-based materials (raw, modified, impregnated, carbonized, composite) as biosorbents of metals [66][67][68] -Cotton Isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reusability of unmodified and surface-modified cotton-based adsorbents for heavy metals trapping [69] -Oil palm The achievements of oil palm biomass (trunks, fronds, leaves, empty fruit bunches, shells, etc.) to the removal of dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, phenolic compounds, various gaseous pollutants [70][71][72] -Luffa cylindrica Luffa cylindrica-based materials for adsorption of toxic metals, dyes, and emerging pollutant [73] -Keratinous materials General characteristics of keratins; extraction of keratins and fabrication of materials; mechanism of pollutant removal; electrostatic characteristics of keratin materials; removal of oily substances; removal of metal ions; regene...…”

Optimized Bentonite Clay Adsorbents for Methylene Blue Removal

“…Previous studies have highlighted the effectiveness of BC in adsorption and separation, emphasizing its high cation exchange capacity, stability, and strong adsorption capabilities [13,14]. Nonetheless, the realization of BC's full adsorptive potential typically necessitates chemical modifications aimed at augmenting its surface area and the availability of adsorption sites, thereby significantly boosting its performance in dye removal applications [15].…”