Recent Advances in the Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer

Abstract

A growing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been reported in most developed countries, corresponding mainly to incidentally discovered small papillary thyroid carcinomas. Given the excellent prognosis of most patients with DTC, optimal therapeutic management, minimizing complications, and preserving patient quality of life are essential. Thyroid surgery has a central role in both the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with DTC. Thyroid surgery should be integrated into the global and multidisciplinary management of patients with DTC. However, the optimal surgical management of DTC patients is still controversial. In this review article, we discuss the recent advances and current debates in DTC surgery, including preoperative molecular testing, risk stratification, the extent of thyroid surgery, innovative surgical tools, and new surgical approaches.

The Nexus of Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Carcinoma: Insights into Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Challenges—A Narrative Review

“…HPT and PTC are common diseases [ 30 , 31 ]. HPT needs to be distinguished from other conditions, such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia [ 32 ].…”

Correlation of pN Stage and Hypoechogenicity with Tumour Encapsulation and Vascular Invasion in Thyroid Cancer (TC): A Comprehensive Analysis and Clinical Outcomes

“…The evolution of TC staging has been propelled by a number of factors, including advances in diagnostic imaging, clarification of the molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis, and improvements in surgical techniques. Under this background, the following question remains to be asked: how is the pN stage related to tumour encapsulation and vascular invasion, and how does this affect clinical decision-making [ 3 ]? Based on an increasing body of relevant literature and applying insights from clinical practice, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between pN stage and other histopathological features of TC.…”

An Autobiographical Case Report on Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Positive Antithyroid Antibodies: Coincidence or Correlated?

“…For individuals diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at stage T1b-T2, with tumors sized 1-4 cm and no signs of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) or lymph node metastases based on clinical or radiographic evaluation, the advisable primary surgical approach is either a thyroid lobectomy (TL) or a total thyroidectomy (TT). The available data suggest that prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) should be contemplated for patients with advanced primary thyroid tumors (T3 or T4) because they carry a notable risk of locoregional recurrence, which can be reduced through pCND [ 7 ].…”