Recent advances in the synthesis of five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles as bioactive skeleton: A concise overview

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds play a tremendous role in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their association with diverse pharmacological properties. Most of the pharmaceutical drugs used in medicines possess a wide range of heterocyclic nucleus. It was decided basis on literature studies that various synthetic protocols like microwave‐assisted, nanocatalysed, green synthesis, click reaction, and multicomponent routes could be used for the betterment of the purity of products, selectivity, and better yields of the products. We have focused attention on the development of synthetic strategies of the above‐mentioned moieties because N‐, O‐ and S‐ containing heterocyclic compounds have seemed owing to a wide diversity of their biological activities viz. antioxidant, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, anti‐obesity, antihyperglycemic, antihypercholesteroler, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, antibiotic, etc. In this review article, an overview of the applications of synthetic protocols for the preparation of five‐membered and six‐membered heterocyclic compounds containing two or more heteroatoms (O, N, S) at different‐different positions along with their different potent and competent candidates against various diseases is presented in last 10–15 years.

Current Development in the Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Quinoline Hybrid Analogues and Their Biological Applications

“…Heterocycles are common elements found in the majority of commercial drugs and are a target of medicinal chemistry in the drug delivery process [1]. In recent years, nitrogen-containing five-and six-member heterocycles have received a significant amount of interest because of their major pharmacological and synthetic implications [2]. Structure elucidation, identification of novel biologically active compounds, development of efficient therapies and discovering the mode of action of newer molecules are all critical aspects of medicinal chemistry that nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds perform.…”

PolyVinyl alcohol and copper nickel co‐doped titania nanocomposite: Designing, characterization, optical properties, and catalytic application in the synthesis of aryl derivatives of benzothiazole and benzimidazole

“…84 A group of substances known as benzothiazoles includes the chemical molecule 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole. 85 It is made up of a phenyl group, a six-membered ring with one carbon atom, and a benzo[d]thiazole ring, a fivemembered ring with one sulphur atom. 86,87 It is a flexible molecule with a variety of possible uses.…”

“…It is extremely frequent to find heterocycle skeletons in many natural products, such as pharmaceuticals 84 . A group of substances known as benzothiazoles includes the chemical molecule 2‐phenylbenzo[ d ]thiazole 85 . It is made up of a phenyl group, a six‐membered ring with one carbon atom, and a benzo[ d ]thiazole ring, a five‐membered ring with one sulphur atom 86,87 .…”

Arylformylacetonitriles in Multicomponent Reactions Leading to Heterocycles

“…[15][16][17][18] In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the design and synthesis of a variety of high-functional and structurally diverse molecules utilizing MCRs. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Heterocyclic scaffolds [28][29][30][31][32] are widely found in many natural products, such as vitamins, alkaloids, antibiotics, hormones, herbicides, pigments, and dyes. [33][34][35][36][37] In addition, cyano and amino groups are present in a large number of natural, bioactive, or pharmaceutical heterocyclic molecules, and can be converted into many other functional groups.…”

“…Heterocyclic scaffolds [28–32] are widely found in many natural products, such as vitamins, alkaloids, antibiotics, hormones, herbicides, pigments, and dyes [33–37] . In addition, cyano and amino groups are present in a large number of natural, bioactive, or pharmaceutical heterocyclic molecules, and can be converted into many other functional groups [38,39] .…”