Recent advances in the transesterification of β-keto esters

Abstract

This review summarises the many advances in the selective transesterification of β-keto esters, with a particular focus on the past 30 years.

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis, Odor Characteristics and Thermal Analysis of New Pyridine Esters

“…However, biocatalysis shows a distinct advantage over the chemical route, due to the advantages of process simplification, quality of product, reduction in waste formation, reusability, and mild conditions [8] . The enzymes such as lipases and esterases have been reported to catalyze esterification, interesterification, thioesterification and transesterification reactions, which kinetically proceed via the ping‐pong bi−bi mechanism, ternary complex ordered bi−bi mechanism, or ternary complex random bi−bi mechanism [9–16] . The commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 (N435) is the most commonly used for enzyme‐catalyzed transesterification due to the ability to recognize a wide variety of substrates and catalyze most reactions [17] .…”

“…[8] The enzymes such as lipases and esterases have been reported to catalyze esterification, interesterification, thioesterification and transesterification reactions, which kinetically proceed via the ping-pong biÀ bi mechanism, ternary complex ordered biÀ bi mechanism, or ternary complex random biÀ bi mechanism. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 (N435) is the most commonly used for enzyme-catalyzed transesterification due to the ability to recognize a wide variety of substrates and catalyze most reactions. [17] In addition, the odor characteristics and potentiality of the compounds as flavors or fragrances could be assessed by chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O).…”

Synergistic effect of metals and cross linkers on surface modification of iron aluminum oxyhydroxide‐PVA polymer films for enhanced catalytic activity in transesterification reaction

“…17 Transesterification of alcohol offers numerous advantages, including high yields, versatility, lower environmental impact, and enhanced product quality. 18 Careful optimization is often necessary to obtain the desired outcome. However, many of the reported protocols for transesterification in the literature are found to be tedious, non-economical and corrosive.…”

Expedient approach for trans-esterification of β-keto esters under solvent free conditions using silica supported boric acid (SiO2–H3BO3) as a recyclable catalyst

“… 13 Various protic acids, bases, Lewis acids, organic bases and bio-catalysis have been employed successfully in this trans-esterification process. 14 Due to the sensitivity of β-keto-esters towards protic acids and bases, various transition, non-transition and lanthanide metal based strategies were extensively studied e.g. molybdenum–zirconium oxide (Mo–ZrO 2 ), 15 Niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ), 16 [ N , N ′-ethylene bis(salicylideneaminato)]manganese( iii ) chloride, 17 CoCl 2 , 18 zinc dust, 19 using combination of zinc and iodine(Zn/I 2 ), 20 S–SnO 2 (ref.…”

“…Essentiality of the catalyst SiO 2 -H 3 BO 3 was further conrmed by the cross verications under solvent free conditions (i) without catalyst (ii) using only silica-gel grade 230-400 mesh and (iii) only H 3 BO 3 (8.3 mol%). Reaction was not proceeds at all under catalyst free condition (Table1 entry 12), however, other two conditions produced 3a in 45% and 69% yield respectively (Table1, entries[13][14]…”