Recent advances in three-dimensional ultrasound virtual cystoscopy in modeling and local staging for urothelial carcinoma with histopathological correlation: a cohort prospective study

Abstract

Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma is an alarming urologic malignancy. Complex factors like modeling and local staging can affect treatment strategy. However, local staging, particularly the muscle invasion status, significantly influences decisions regarding treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the novel advances of three-dimensional ultrasound imaging to assess local staging in comparison with conventional cystoscopy. Methods: Forty-three patients with painless hematuria and conventional cystoscopy findings of bladder mass underwent three-dimensional ultrasound virtual cystoscopy. All specimens from conventional cystoscopy were processed histologically. Results: Out of 43 participants, 18 (41.9%) patients proved to have invasive urothelial carcinoma by histopathology. The three-dimensional US had a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 100%, however conventional cystoscopy was accurate in only 53.5% of the studied cases. Furthermore, in the case of malignant ulcers, mural extension into both the submucosal and the muscle layers was more readily appreciated in multiplanar images. Conclusion: Three-dimensional ultrasound updates are promising for use in bladder tumor modeling and local staging; however, they can be of value in evaluating mural and extramural tumor extent and have proven accuracy.

Tislelizumab with gemcitabine and cisplatin as a neoadjuvant regimen for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: case series

“…Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, stage pT2 or higher) were found in about 30% of patients with UBC upon diagnoses 2 . Due to several factors, mainly the micro-metastasis, patients with MIBC usually have poor prognosis 3 , 4 . Even with radical cystectomy, about half of MIBC becomes metastatic within 2 years of diagnosis and most patients usually die of cancer 5 .…”