Recent Advances in Trace Explosives Detection Instrumentation

Moore, David S.

doi:10.1007/s11220-007-0029-8

Cited by 194 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The contribution of a forensic scientist is only one aspect of a comprehensive and difficult investigative process that must establish a motive, the modus operandi, a suspect or it was an accident [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Forensic Investigation in Explosion: A Case study

Kumar¹,

Jain²

2016

J Forensic Res

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In India, the forts and fortresses are historical heritage and symbol of grandeur, dignity and strength of our vibrant past. Rajasthan is the most visited place by foreigners in India to feel and explore this heritage. All these forts and fortresses were equipped with every kind of war wares & weapons, which can be found or witnessed decades later, nowadays too and gun powder was one of the essential commodities of warfare. The unutilized gun powder in these forts brings a problem as no one knows about its whereabouts of storage as these forts and fortresses got abandoned on their own and this causes accidental explosions.Such an interesting in forensic point of view incident was reported in the fortress of village Jasaana where some arc welding for the modernization work in the fortress was being done and a massive explosion occurred. Our team of expert visited the spot of occurrence, in forensic point of view, calculated the amount of explosive materials and level of explosion. On the basis of our observations we concluded that this explosion might have been caused by gunpowder. Through this article we tried to put light on the features and characteristics phenomenon of gun powder explosion and we have performed first ever a forensic attempt to estimate the approximate amount of gun powder that got exploded.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Forensic Investigation in Explosion: A Case study

Kumar¹,

Jain²

2016

J Forensic Res

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“…Their very low vapor pressure values render their detection particularly difficult [28]. Recent developments in analytical instrumentation and in sample introduction procedures allow selective, rapid threat detection and on-line monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Homeland Security and Forensic Applications

Giannoukos

Brkić

Taylor

2014

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. A man-portable membrane inlet mass spectrometer has been built and tested to detect and monitor characteristic odors emitted from the human body and also from threat substances. In each case, a heated membrane sampling probe was used. During human scent monitoring experiments, data were obtained for inorganic gases and volatile organic compounds emitted from human breath and sweat in a confined space. Volatile emissions were detected from the human body at low ppb concentrations. Experiments with compounds associated with narcotics, explosives, and chemical warfare agents were conducted for a range of membrane types. Test compounds included methyl benzoate (odor signature of cocaine), piperidine (precursor in clandestine phencyclidine manufacturing processes), 2-nitrotoluene (breakdown product of TNT), cyclohexanone (volatile signature of plastic explosives), dimethyl methylphosphonate (used in sarin and soman nerve agent production), and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (simulant compound for sulfur mustard gas). Gas phase calibration experiments were performed allowing sub-ppb LOD to be established. The results showed excellent linearity versus concentration and rapid membrane response times.

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“…It is well documented that the vapor pressures of many explosive materials are highly dependent on temperature and may be substantially raised by minor temperature increases. 2 Thus, using mechanical excitation as a means to induce heat and increase vapor pressures is of particular interest. This could enable potential pathways for both stand-off detection (through the examination of outgassing of vapors) and for stand-off defeat (through the remote triggering of deflagration).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical response of PBX 9501 under contact excitation

Mares

Miller

Sharp

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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The thermal and mechanical responses of a cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine-based explosive (PBX 9501) and two non-energetic mock materials (900-21 and PBS 9501) under high-frequency mechanical excitation are presented. Direct contact ultrasound transducers were used to excite samples through a frequency range of 50 kHz to 40 MHz. The mechanical response of each sample was approximated from a contact receiving transducer and trends were confirmed via laser Doppler vibrometry. The steady-state thermal response of the samples was measured at discrete excitation frequencies via infrared thermography. A maximum temperature rise of approximately 15 K was observed in PBX 9501, and the mock materials exhibited similar thermal characteristics. Temperature gradients were calculated to estimate the total heat generated within the samples due to the mechanical excitation. The active heating mechanisms were found to be highly dependent on the frequency of excitation. Possible mechanisms of heating at frequencies below 1 MHz are likely related to bulk motion. Above this frequency, the active heating mechanisms are likely related to particle-scale processes. The observed phenomena may prove useful in the aid of current trace vapor detection methods for explosives. V C 2013 American Institute of Physics.

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Recent Advances in Trace Explosives Detection Instrumentation

Cited by 194 publications

References 115 publications

Importance of Forensic Investigation in Explosion: A Case study

Importance of Forensic Investigation in Explosion: A Case study

Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Homeland Security and Forensic Applications

Thermal and mechanical response of PBX 9501 under contact excitation

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