Recent Advances in Understanding the Microbiology of the Female Reproductive Tract and the Causes of Premature Birth

Zhou, Xia; Brotman, Rebecca M.; Gajer, Pawel; Abdo, Zaid; Schüette, Ursel; Ma, Sam; Ravel, Jacques; Forney, Larry J.

doi:10.1155/2010/737425

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Reads classified to the genus Gardnerella appeared to be undersampled from human samples (and possibly from NHP samples too) in this study, compared with previously published reports (Kim et al, 2009;Ravel et al, 2013). This may be attributed to not including the primer cocktail (27F-YM þ 3), as described in Frank et al, 2008. Recent studies (Zhou et al, 2010;Ravel et al, 2011;Ravel et al, 2013) have revealed Lactobacillus spp. in low abundance in the vaginal tract of a subpopulation of apparently healthy women with high Nugent scores, who have been categorized as 'asymptomatic BV' (ABV) in contrast to 'symptomatic BV' (SBV) subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 47%

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Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

et al. 2014

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Bacterial communities colonizing the reproductive tracts of primates (including humans) impact the health, survival and fitness of the host, and thereby the evolution of the host species. Despite their importance, we currently have a poor understanding of primate microbiomes. The composition and structure of microbial communities vary considerably depending on the host and environmental factors. We conducted comparative analyses of the primate vaginal microbiome using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of a phylogenetically broad range of primates to test for factors affecting the diversity of primate vaginal ecosystems. The nine primate species included: humans (Homo sapiens), yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus), olive baboons (Papio anubis), lemurs (Propithecus diadema), howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops), mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Our results indicated that all primates exhibited host-specific vaginal microbiota and that humans were distinct from other primates in both microbiome composition and diversity. In contrast to the gut microbiome, the vaginal microbiome showed limited congruence with host phylogeny, and neither captivity nor diet elicited substantial effects on the vaginal microbiomes of primates. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance and Wilcoxon tests revealed correlations among vaginal microbiota and host species-specific socioecological factors, particularly related to sexuality, including: female promiscuity, baculum length, gestation time, mating group size and neonatal birth weight. The proportion of unclassified taxa observed in nonhuman primate samples increased with phylogenetic distance from humans, indicative of the existence of previously unrecognized microbial taxa. These findings contribute to our understanding of host-microbe variation and coevolution, microbial biogeography, and disease risk, and have important implications for the use of animal models in studies of human sexual and reproductive diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Of particular note, the relative abundances of lactobacilli were significantly lower in NHPs, whereas the majority of the human female populations have Lactobacillus as the dominant vaginal bacteria (60-93%, depending on the ethnicity (Zhou et al, 2010;Ravel et al, 2011)). Chimpanzees, the closest human relatives, had o3.5% lactobacilli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

et al. 2014

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“…Pregnant women who are colonized with GBS might develop infections of the urinary tract, bacteremia, chorioamnionitis, and postpartum endometritis 23,47,48 , thus increasing the risk of PTD, PPROM and perinatal transmission [49][50][51] , resulting in neonatal sepsis and meningitis 45,52,53 . A prevalence of 7 -25% GBS colonization in AV has been reported in women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation 54 , with intrauterine infection associated with the ability of GBS to ascend from the lower genital tract and colonize the upper genital tract [54][55][56] . In the newborn, GBS infection may be congenital or acquired 22,57 and remains the foremost cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the world despite a recent decline in occurrence 48,52,58,59 .…”

Section: Group B Streptococci (Gbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Kaambo

Africa

2017

Afr J Reprod Health

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Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is an endogenous opportunistic infection brought about by the disruption of the normal vaginal microbiota. Its early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy may reduce the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this review was to report on the aerobic bacteria most prevalent in AV and to provide evidence of the threat of untreated AV on pregnancy outcomes. More than 300 papers on preterm delivery were extracted from several research domains and filtered to include only AV-associated bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Group B streptococci and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Due to the diverse sample groups, study techniques and outcomes, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The review revealed that the association of AV with adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been as widely researched as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and needs further investigation. Furthermore, the frequent misdiagnosis of AV coupled with the emerging antimicrobial resistance associated with bacteria implicated in AV and neonatal nosocomial infections pose a problem for prophylaxis and treatment to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118). Keywords: Aerobic vaginitis; pregnancy risks; antimicrobial resistance RésuméLa vaginite aérobie (VA) est une infection opportuniste endogène provoquée par la perturbation du microbiota vaginal normal. Son diagnostic précoce et son traitement pendant la grossesse peuvent réduire le risque de résultats négatifs de grossesse. L'objectif de cette revue était de faire un rapport sur les bactéries aérobies les plus répandues en VA et de prouver la menace de la VA non traitée sur les résultats de la grossesse. Plus de 300 articles sur l'accouchement prématuré ont été tirés de plusieurs domaines de recherche et filtrés pour inclure uniquement des bactéries associées à la VA telles que Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli et streptocoques du groupe B et leur association avec des résultats de grossesse indésirables. En raison des divers groupes d'échantillons, des techniques d'étude et des résultats, une méta-analyse n'a pas été menée. L'examen a révélé que l'association de la VA avec les résultats de grossesse défavorisés n'a pas été aussi largement étudiée que la vaginose bactérienne (VB) et doit faire l'objet d'une enquête plus approfondie. En outre, le diagnostic erroné de la VA y compris la résistance antimicrobienne émergente associée à une bactérie impliquée dans les infections à vent et nonnéomatologiques constitue un problème pour la prophylaxie et le traitement afin de réduire le risque de morbidité et de mortalité maternelle et néonatale. (Afr J Reprod Health 2017; 21[2]: 109-118).

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“…3 Intrauterine infection is implicated in stillbirth 4 and is associated with 25% to 40% of preterm births. 5 Sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) 6 and malaria 7 are associated with adverse birth outcomes, but both may be mitigated with preventive or presumptive treatment or by repeated screening and treatment throughout the antenatal period. The extent to which either approach may be beneficial depends on the underlying prevalence of STIs/RTIs and malaria in pregnancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Malaria and Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Chico¹,

Mayaud²,

Ariti³

et al. 2012

JAMA

175

129

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Recent Advances in Understanding the Microbiology of the Female Reproductive Tract and the Causes of Premature Birth

Cited by 78 publications

References 82 publications

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance

The Threat of Aerobic Vaginitis to Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity

Prevalence of Malaria and Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa

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