Recent advances in understanding the actions and toxicity of nitrous oxide

Maze, Mervyn; Fujinaga, Masahiko

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01463.x

Cited by 86 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well known that isoflurane causes both respiratory and cardiovascular depression, the latter occurring predominantly due to a fall in systemic vascular resistance (Eger, 1981). On the other hand nitrous oxide, which remained at the 70% level, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (Maze and Fujinaga, 2000). The arterial blood pressure was determined by the interaction of these two anesthetics during "isoflurane" anesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-chloralose is a suitable anesthetic for chronic focal cerebral ischemia studies in the rat: A comparative study

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstractα-chloralose is widely used as an anesthetic in studies of the cerebrovasculature because it provides robust metabolic and hemodynamic responses to functional stimulation. However, there have been no controlled studies of focal ischemia in the rat under α-chloralose anesthesia. Artificially ventilated rats were prepared using 1.2−1.5 % isoflurane anesthesia for filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), and anesthesia was either switched to α-chloralose (60 mg/kg bolus, 30 mg/ kg/hr; n=10) or was maintained on 1% isoflurane (n=10). Following temporary MCA occlusion EEG was monitored from a screw electrode and changes in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured with a laser Doppler probe placed over the ischemic cortex. This study shows that α-chloralose is a safe anesthetic for ischemia studies and provides excellent survival. Compared with isoflurane, the cortical and total infarct volumes are larger in the α-chloralose anesthetized animals, while the functional outcome at 72 hours is similar. The total duration of peri-infarct flow transients (PIFTs) is also significantly longer in α-chloralose anesthetized animals. The average amplitude of the flow transients showed a good correlation with the extent of edema in all animals as did the total duration of non-convulsive seizures (NCS) in the α-chloralose anesthetized animals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-chloralose is a suitable anesthetic for chronic focal cerebral ischemia studies in the rat: A comparative study

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These opiates activate the noradrenergic neuron pathways, which, by inducing dopamine and noradrenaline release in the posterior horn of the marrow, block the transmission of the nociceptive message. Other studies demonstrated that N 2 O has an inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are known to play an essential role in the transmission of the nociceptive message and hypersensitization [11,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Douard¹,

Palma

d’Agostino³

et al. 2005

Support Care Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a pharmacologically active gas with a modest analgesic effect at subanesthetic concentrations (Finck, 1985;Maze and Fujinaga, 2000;Quock and Vaughn, 1995). Human studies of N 2 O analgesia led to the observation that acute tolerance may develop to this effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Ramsay¹,

Rothen²,

Prall³

et al. 2005

Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrical tooth stimulation was used to investigate whether humans develop tolerance to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) analgesia within a single administration as well as over repeated administrations. In a double-blind cross-over experiment, 77 subjects received a 40-minute administration of 38% N 2 O at one session and placebo gas at the other. The sessions were separated by 1 week and the order of gas administration was counterbalanced. Acute analgesic tolerance developed for pain threshold but not for detection threshold. There was no evidence of a hyperalgesic rebound effect following cessation of the N 2 O administration. In a second double-blind experiment, 64 subjects received both 30-min of placebo gas and 30-min of 35% N 2 O, separated by a 35-min gas wash-out period, during each of 5 sessions. Sensory thresholds were assessed prior to drug or placebo administration (baseline) and between 7-12 min and 25-30 min of gas administration. A control group of 16 subjects received only placebo gas at these 5 sessions. During a sixth session, the experimental procedures were similar to the previous sessions except that the control group received N 2 O for the first time and the experimental group was sub-divided to test for conditioned drug effects. For both detection and pain threshold measures, acute tolerance developed during the initial N 2 O exposure and chronic tolerance developed over repeated administrations. Although chronic tolerance developed, a test for Pavlovian drug conditioning found no evidence of conditioned effects on sensory thresholds. In conclusion, acute and chronic tolerance develop to N 2 O's analgesic effects in humans.

show abstract

Recent advances in understanding the actions and toxicity of nitrous oxide

Cited by 86 publications

References 44 publications

Alpha-chloralose is a suitable anesthetic for chronic focal cerebral ischemia studies in the rat: A comparative study

Alpha-chloralose is a suitable anesthetic for chronic focal cerebral ischemia studies in the rat: A comparative study

Prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen to prevent pain induced by insertion of venous access ports in cancer patients

Nitrous oxide analgesia in humans: acute and chronic tolerance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About