Recent Advances in Zinc Hydroxystannate-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Blends

Abstract

During the combustion of polymeric materials, plenty of heat, smoke, and toxic gases are produced that may cause serious harm to human health. Although the flame retardants such as halogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds can inhibit combustion, they cannot effectively reduce the release of toxic fumes. Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS, ZnSn(OH)6) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that has attracted extensive interest because of its high efficiency, safety, and smoke suppression properties. However, using ZHS itself may not contribute to the optimal flame retardant effect, which is commonly combined with other flame retardants to achieve more significant efficiency. Few articles systematically review the recent development of ZHS in the fire safety field. This review aims to deliver an insight towards further direction and advancement of ZHS in flame retardant and smoke suppression for multiple polymer blends. In addition, the fire retarded and smoke suppression mechanism of ZHS will be demonstrated and discussed in depth.

The effects of zinc hydroxystannate/boron nitride hybrids and aluminum diethylphosphinate on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of styrene–butadiene rubber composites

“…The pHRR and THR of SBR3 composites were the lowest, 872.9 and 104.8 MJ/m 2 , respectively, which were 59.2% and 33.9% lower than those of SBR1, respectively, indicating that ZHS@BN synergistically with ADP further improved the flame retardancy of SBR composites. This is due mainly to the catalytic charring of ZHS in ZHS@BN and the lamellar barrier of BN, thereby preventing the volatilization of flammable gases and effectively reducing their pHRR and THR 29 …”

“…This is due mainly to the catalytic charring of ZHS in ZHS@BN and the lamellar barrier of BN, thereby preventing the volatilization of flammable gases and effectively reducing their pHRR and THR. 29 When polymer materials are burned, a large amount of smoke is often produced, which will cause harm to the human body. The SPR and TSP of the SBR composites are shown in Figure 11c,d, and the specific data are shown in Table 3.…”

A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment

“…carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene). 29 Halogen-based flame retardants are the most commonly used flame retardants particularly the BFRs which consist of a diverse group of bromine-containing compounds. 30 However, some of the flame retardants are often mixed with other compound to create synergistic effect to achieve optimal flame retardancy efficiency.…”

A micro‐nanohierarchical composite fabric for efficient water transport and outstanding flame retardancy

“…However, many of fabrics materials are highly flammable due to their polymeric matrix is flammable. 17,18 There are many strategies for endowing the polymeric material outstanding flame retardant, 19 such as the intrinsic flame retardant, [20][21][22] blending flame retardant, 23,24 and surface modification retardant. 25,26 Among them, intrinsic flame retardant is the simplest, most stable method.…”