Recent advances of bifunctional electrocatalysts and electrolyzers for overall seawater splitting

Abstract

This review summarizes advances in bifunctional electrocatalysts and electrolyzers for seawater splitting, including various catalysts (e.g., phosphides, chalcogenides, borides, nitrides, and (oxy)hydroxides) and membrane-based/membrane-less systems.

Engineering ultrafine PtIr alloy nanoparticles into porous nanobowls via a reactive template-engaged assembly strategy for high-performance electrocatalytic hydrogen production

“…Currently, Pt is generally considered the best-performing electrocatalyst for the HER because of its vertex position in the HER volcano plot. 21–25 For further improvement of the HER performance of Pt catalysts, iridium (Ir), which locates at the neighboring site of Pt in the volcano plot, represents an attractive candidate for alloying with Pt. 26–28 The formation of binary PtIr alloys can significantly promote favorable electronic configuration, a unique coordination microenvironment, optimal hydrogen adsorption strength, and remarkable chemical stability, which can evidently enhance the HER catalytic performance.…”

Evolution of Mn–Bi2O3 from the Mn-doped Bi3O4Br electro(pre)catalyst during the oxygen evolution reaction

“…Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is one of the important paths for building a sustainable society 1,2 as the hydrogen produced by other methods is associated with a large amount of CO 2 emission, 3,4 causing adverse effects on society. In between two half-cell reactions of water electrolysis, the anodic water oxidation contributes sluggishness in the counter-electrode reaction, i.e.…”

A review on defect modulated electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

“…1 Hydrogen (H 2 ), with a high energy density (284 kJ mol −1 ) and environmental benignity, emerges as a key alternative for advancing a low-carbon economy. 2 Renewable-energy-driven water electrolysis presents a viable alternative for ‘green’ hydrogen production, 3,4 contributing to the achievement of zero carbon emissions and addressing the variability inherent in renewable sources, thus promoting a sustainable, eco-friendly energy framework. 5–7 Water electrolysis involves two principal half-reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode.…”