Recent advances of immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer

Rizzo, Alessandro; Ricci, Angela Dalia; Brandi, Giovanni

doi:10.1080/17474124.2021.1853527

Cited by 104 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immunotherapy based on checkpoint blockers can block the inhibitory pathways of T-cell activation, thereby enabling tumor-reactive T cells to recognize tumor antigens and restore the antitumor immune response [12]. Although immunotherapy has been proven to bene t patients with advanced cancer such as non-small cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma, the e cacy of immunotherapy for advanced BTC is still unclear [13]. With the progression of radioactive seed implantation and immunotherapy, our patient's lymph node metastases gradually disappeared and intrahepatic metastasis was gradually limited to the left liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multidisciplinary Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Cancer to Disease-Free Survival: A Case Report

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary system and is characterized by strong aggressiveness and an extremely poor prognosis. Current treatment for advanced gallbladder cancer remains unsatisfactory. Here we reported a patient with stage IV gallbladder cancer who achieved disease-free survival by multidisciplinary treatment.Case presentation: A 73-year-old man presented to our hospital with right abdominal pain for 3 days and was diagnosed with advanced gallbladder cancer with multiple intrahepatic metastases and distant lymph node metastases. The patient initially received chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radioactive seed implantation, and immunotherapy as there was no specific indications for radical surgery. With the progression of these adjuvant therapies, the patient’s tumor makers gradually decreased but remained higher than normal, lymph node metastases gradually disappeared, and intrahepatic metastases were gradually limited to the left liver. Finally, the patient received a radical surgery of left hepatectomy with partial diaphragmatic resection and radical lymphadenectomy. To date, the patient has survived for more than six years post-treatment, and the level of tumor markers is normal and the imaging examination shows no signs of disease recurrence.Conclusion: The treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer remains pessimistic in the current medical arena. This successful case is an inspiration and we believe that multidisciplinary treatment can benefit patients with advanced gallbladder cancer and help them achieve long-term survival or even disease-free survival.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multidisciplinary Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Cancer to Disease-Free Survival: A Case Report

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among these, the phase III PROOF trial (NCT03773302) for infigratinib, and the phase III FIGHT-302 (NCT03656536) trial for pemigatinib are currently recruiting patients; conversely, a similar study with futibatinib, the FOENIX-CCA3 (NCT04093362) trial, is preparing to open for enrolment. In addition, another series of studies is evaluating combination strategies, including FGFR inhibitors plus other anticancer agents (e.g., systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy) in solid tumors with FGFR fusions, including CCA [ 94 , 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Open Questions and Future Research Avenuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Therapies in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A Focus on FGFR Inhibitors

Rizzo

2021

Medicina

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite advanced diseases continuing to be associated with grim prognoses, the past decade has witnessed the advent of several novel treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. In fact, CCA has emerged as a heterogeneous group of malignancies harboring potentially druggable mutations in approximately 50% of cases, and thus, molecularly targeted therapies have been actively explored in this setting. Among these, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors have reported important results, as witnessed by the FDA approval of pemigatinib in previously treated metastatic CCA patients harboring FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangements. Herein, we provide an overview of available evidence on FGFR inhibitors in CCA, especially focusing on the development, pitfalls and challenges of emerging treatments in this setting.

show abstract

“…Immune checkpoint inhibitors are mainly represented by monoclonal antibodies directed against CTLA-4 or PD-1 or its ligand (programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-L1), restoring the immune function of ‘exhausted’ T cells and depleting immunosuppressive regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) [ 22 ]. While treatment landscape of several solid tumors has been deeply changed by novel immune therapies, their role is still unclear in advanced BTC [ 23 ] and combination of immune therapies could be valuable in BTC [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers

Boilève

Hilmi²,

Smolenschi

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biliary tract cancers are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. Two-thirds of these primary liver malignancies are diagnosed at advanced stages where therapeutic options are limited. Whereas several molecular targeted therapies emerge in biliary tract cancers, immunotherapy is still investigational, the only approved immunotherapy to date being the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab for the small fraction of patients with microsatellite-instable tumors. In microsatellite-stable, pre-treated biliary tract cancers, single-agent immune checkpoint blockade has a limited albeit often long-lasting clinical activity in a still ill-defined subgroup of patients. The identification of predictive biomarkers will allow a better selection of patients that may benefit from immunotherapy. Combinations of immunotherapies with each other, with chemotherapy or targeted molecular therapies are being investigated in early lines of therapy, including first-line.

show abstract

Recent advances of immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer

Cited by 104 publications

References 99 publications

The Multidisciplinary Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Cancer to Disease-Free Survival: A Case Report

The Multidisciplinary Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Cancer to Disease-Free Survival: A Case Report

Targeted Therapies in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A Focus on FGFR Inhibitors

Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About