Recent advances of ionic liquids in separation science and mass spectrometry

Joshi, Manishkumar D.; Anderson, Jared L.

doi:10.1039/c2ra20142a

Cited by 175 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…26). It has also been widely used as an electrolyte, with a wide electrochemical window 28 . Previous related attempts to slow DNA translocation speeds used glycerol, which has a low conductivity and limited the approach to a narrow viscosity window (1.2-5 cP) 29 .…”

Section: Viscosity Gradient System In Mos 2 Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of single nucleotides in MoS2 nanopores

et al. 2015

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The size of the sensing region in solid-state nanopores is determined by the size of the pore and the thickness of the pore membrane, so ultrathin membranes such as graphene and single-layer molybdenum disulphide could potentially offer the necessary spatial resolution for nanopore DNA sequencing. However, the fast translocation speeds (3,000-50,000 nt ms -1 ) of DNA molecules moving across such membranes limit their usability. Here, we show that a viscosity gradient system based on room-temperature ionic liquids can be used to control the dynamics of DNA translocation through MoS 2 nanopores. The approach can be used to statistically detect all four types of nucleotide, which are identified according to current signatures recorded during their transient residence in the narrow orifice of the atomically thin MoS 2 nanopore. Our technique, which exploits the high viscosity of room-temperature ionic liquids, provides optimal single nucleotide translocation speeds for DNA sequencing, while maintaining a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 10. Single nucleotide identification 1,2 and DNA sequencing 3 have already been demonstrated with biological nanopores. However, the fragility of such pores, together with difficulties related to measuring their pA-range ionic currents and their dependence on biochemical reagents, means that solid-state nanopores remain an attractive alternative 4 . In contrast to biological pores, solid-state nanopores can operate in various liquid media and pH conditions, their production is scalable and compatible with nanofabrication techniques 5 , and they do not require the excessive use of biochemical reagents. These advantages are expected to make solid-state nanopore sequencing cheaper than sequencing with biological pores.The basic sensing principle in sold-state nanopores is the same as in biological pores. A DNA molecule is threaded through a nanometre-sized pore under an applied potential and, ideally, the sequence of nucleotides is read by monitoring small changes in the ionic current flowing through the pore that are caused by individual nucleotides temporarily residing within the pore 6 . However, solid-state nanopores also allow a transverse detection scheme, which is based on detecting changes in the electrical conductivity of a thin semiconducting channel 4 . In both biological and solid-state nanopores, achieving an optimal translocation speed remains a significant challenge , ref. 8) and are also limited by their use of enzymes. Therefore, to achieve genome sequencing, thousands-or even millons-of biological pores need to be integrated into one sequencer. In solid-state nanopores, translocation speeds are on the order of 3,000-50,000 nt ms , the large range being a result of factors such as the pore size (1.5-25 nm) and the applied potential (100-800 mV) 9 . These fast speeds limit the ability of solid-state nanopores to reach single-nucleotide resolution, and are a major obstacle to the use of solid-state nanopores in the sequencing of DNA.Solid-state nanopores also face proble...

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Section: Viscosity Gradient System In Mos 2 Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of single nucleotides in MoS2 nanopores

et al. 2015

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“…Ionic liquids, which are salts that are liquid below 100˚C [1], show great potential [1][2][3] as environmentallyfriendly extraction solvents due to their unique properties, such as negligible vapour pressure, high thermal stability, non-flammability [4]. More specifically, hydrophobic ionic liquids may be used for the separation of metal ions from aqueous solutions and wastewaters, where they can be specifically designed to act as extractors themselves [5] or, more commonly, serve as an extraction medium for active materials, such as crown ethers [6,7] or any other ion-specific extractants [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

Elizarova

Luckham

2017

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Ionic liquids can serve as an environmentally-friendly replacement for solvents in emulsions, therefore they are considered suitable to be used as an emulsified medium for various active materials one of which are extractors of metal ions. Increasing the extraction efficiency is considered to be one of the key objectives when working with such extraction systems. One way to improve the extraction efficiency is to increase the contact area between the extractant and the working ionic solution. This can be accomplished by creating a nano-emulsion of ionic liquid containing such an extractant. Since emulsification of ionic liquid is not always possible in the sample itself, there is a necessity of creating a stable emulsion that can be added externally and on demand to samples from which metal ions need to be extracted. We propose a method of fabrication of a highly-stable extractant-loaded ionic liquid-in-water nano-emulsion via a low-energy phase reversal emulsification followed by continuous layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition process to encapsulate the nano-emulsion and enhance the emulsion stability. Such a multilayered stabilized nano-emulsion was tested for extraction of Cd 2+ and Ca 2+ ions in order to determine its extraction efficiency and selectivity. It was found to be effective in extraction of Cd 2+ ions with near 100% cadmium removal, as well as being selective since no Ca 2+ ions were extracted. The encapsulated emulsion was removed from samples post-extraction using two methods -filtration and magnetic separation, both of which were shown to be viable under different circumstances -larger and mechanically stronger capsules could be removed by filtration, however magnetic separation worked better for both smaller and bigger capsules. The long-term stability of nano-emulsion was also tested being a very important characteristic for its proposed use: it was found to be highly stable after four months of storage time.

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“…Moreover, it had been reported that only several strong solvents can dissolve cellulose. Recently, it has been reported that an ionic liquid can dissolve cellulose [125,126]; ionic liquids have unique properties such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high ion conductivity, and the ability to dissolve various materials. If strong solvents are used to dissolve cellulose, it is difficult to prepare enzyme-immobilized membrane by using cellulose because of solvent-induced damage to the enzyme.…”

Section: Chemically-stable Materials For the Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Lengthen the Long-Term Stability of Enzyme Membranes: Trends and Strategies

Yabuki

2017

Catalysts

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Abstract:In this review, factors that contribute to enhancing the stability of immobilized enzyme membranes have been indicated, and the solutions to each factor, based on examples, are discussed. The factors are divided into two categories: one is dependent on the improvement of enzyme properties, and the other, on the development of supporting materials. Improvement of an enzyme itself would effectively improve its properties. However, some novel materials or novel preparation methods are required for improving the properties of supporting materials. Examples have been provided principally aimed at improvements in membrane stability.

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Recent advances of ionic liquids in separation science and mass spectrometry

Cited by 175 publications

References 215 publications

Identification of single nucleotides in MoS2 nanopores

Identification of single nucleotides in MoS2 nanopores

Layer-by-layer encapsulated nano-emulsion of ionic liquid loaded with functional material for extraction of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions

How to Lengthen the Long-Term Stability of Enzyme Membranes: Trends and Strategies

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