Recent Advances of Poly(ester amide)s-Based Biomaterials

Abstract

Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have offered much more opportunities from an engineering standpoint for treating diseases and maintaining health. Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs), as an outstanding family among such biomaterials, have risen overwhelmingly in the past decades. These synthetic polymers have easily and widely available raw materials and a diversity of synthetic approaches, which have attracted considerable attention. More importantly, combining the superiorities of polyamides and polyesters, PEAs have emerged with better functions. They could have improved biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell− material interactions. The PEAs derived from α-amino acids even allow the introduction of pendant sites for further modification or functionalization. Meanwhile, it is gradually recognized that the chemical structures are closely related to the physiochemical and biological properties of PEAs so that their properties can be precisely controlled. PEAs therefore become significant materials in the biomedical fields. This review will attempt to summarize the recent progress in the development of PEAs with respect to the preparation materials and methods, structure−property relationships along with their latest biomedical accomplishments, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Bulk Erosion Degradation Mechanism for Poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) Elastomer: An In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation

“…A satisfactory biomaterial, after the full application in vivo, can often be degraded and absorbed by physical disintegration, biological mechanisms, and chemical reaction. Many of these biomaterials have been widely applied in practice, such as poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) (used for human body absorbable suture), poly­(lactic acid) (PLA) (used for absorbable screw), poly­(glycolic acid) (PGA) (used for bioabsorbable stents), and poly­(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) (used for drug carrier or coating materials). − There are still some biomaterials to be further developed, such as poly­(1,8-octanediol- co -citrate) (POC) as a thermosetting polyester.…”

Facile synthesis of eight-membered cyclic(ester-amide)s and their organocatalytic ring-opening polymerizations

“…They have been widely investigated as biodegradable materials for various applications such as drug delivery carriers, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and so forth. 1–5 PEAs can be synthesized via condensation polymerization of bifunctional monomers or ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers. 1,2,6 Although many different bifunctional monomers ( e.g.…”

“…They have been widely investigated as biodegradable materials for various applications such as drug delivery carriers, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and so forth. [1][2][3][4][5] PEAs can be synthesized via condensation polymerization of bifunctional monomers or ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers. 1,2,6 Although many different bifunctional monomers (e.g., diacids, diols, amino acids, hydroxy acids, and amino alcohols) can be used to vary the polymer structures, the polycondensation usually proceeds slowly and shows poor control over the polymer molar mass and dispersity.…”

Water-Induced Crystal Transition and Accelerated Relaxation Process of Polyamide 4 Chains in Microfibers

“…Polyamides, which have repeated amide bonds and carbon linkages in the main chain, are one of the most widely used synthetic polymers in structural materials such as fibers for fabrics and fishing nets and industrial membranes due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. − Since amide bonds can be hydrolyzed in the presence of water molecules, polyamides are considered to be a promising (bio)­degradable material. − However, degradation is generally slower for polyamides than for other degradable polymers such as polyesters − due to the strong intermolecular interactions and stable resonance structure in their chains . In fact, it has been reported that the most commercially used polyamide polymers such as polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 are well decomposed only in some specific microorganism environments but not under marine conditions. − …”