Recent Advances of Second‐Line Targeted Biopharmaceutical Therapies in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy
Shenghua Liu,
Jiamin Cao,
Shiyao Lu
et al.
Abstract:Intravenous glucocorticoids are the clinically preferred treatment for moderate‐to‐severe thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy. However, the serious adverse effects following intravenous glucocorticoids and the risks posed by the cumulative doses cannot be overlooked. Moreover, it is found to be ineffective in the treatment of many patients with severe thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy. Consequently, the development of superior alternative therapies is imminent. Recent advancements in the identification of multip… Show more
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