Recent Advances of Structurally Ordered Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Structurally ordered intermetallic phases have exhibited higher and higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than disordered alloys in many reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and small-molecule (hydrogen, formic acid, or ethanol) oxidation reactions. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity could be derived from the definite composition and predictable control over structural, geometric, and electronic effects. This review, based on the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of structurally ordered intermetallic nanoparticles, provides a comprehensive acknowledgment of how the particle size and morphology affect the catalytic performance. The strategy for reducing particle size and the impact of particle size on electrocatalysis will be first introduced. Then, recent developments in the synthesis and design of morphology-controlled catalysts are summarized. The structure−activity relationship between the catalytic activity and morphology including core−shell/hollow and porosity will be highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future developments are provided. On the basis of this review, intermetallic nanoparticles will shed light on the future development of electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries.

Recent Advances in Self-Supported Layered Double Hydroxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting is a more efficient and "greener" technology compared with the traditional steam-reforming method used to obtain hydrogen from natural gas [11][12][13]. In particular, electrochemical water splitting can be driven by the electricity generated by clean and sustainable energy sources like solar and wind power, making it economically affordable and energy-saving [1,[14][15][16]. In general, the water splitting process is composed of two half reactions: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode [17,18].…”

Sub‐3 nm Intermetallic Ordered Pt3In Clusters for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…[18] More importantly, by forming ordered intermetallic PtM nanocrystals with some metal M, the higher mixing enthalpy and stronger atomic interactions between Pt and M atoms would make PtM highly stable under electrochemical tests in both acidic and alkaline solutions. [19][20][21][22] However, in general, forming Industrial applications of Pt-based oxygen-reduction-reaction (ORR) catalysts are limited by high cost and low stability. Here, facile large-scale synthesis of sub-3-nm ordered Pt 3 In clusters on commercial carbon black as ORR catalyst that alleviates both these shortcomings is reported.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Jeffamine Core PAMAM Dendrimer-Silver Nanocomposites (Ag JCPDNCs) and Their Evaluation in The Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

“…In order to provoke the small sized Ag NP formation, we have kept the pH~2 and the time long by keeping to metal to dendrimer ratio (10) almost approximate the one fifth of the tertiary amine number (45) of JCPD P4.NH2 so as to promote the formation of interior type DNCs. The morphology and the average NP size distribution were analyzed using HRTEM.…”