“…Currently, the plugging materials deemed compatible with OBDF predominantly encompass oleophilic resins, oil-absorbing and expanding substances, oil-based cross-linked gels, and hydrophobic materials. 21–23 Among these, resin-based materials have attracted extensive research interest owing to their excellent compatibility with OBDF. For instance, Li et al 14 developed butadiene styrene/nano-SiO 2 (SBR/SiO 2 ) composites through a continuous emulsion polymerization process.…”