Recent advances on biological difructose anhydride III production using inulase II from inulin

Abstract

Difructose anhydride III (DFA III), the smallest cyclic disaccharide, consists of two fructose residues. DFA III is a hydrolysate of inulin and is rarely found in nature. Industrial interest in DFA III as a low-calorie sugar substitute is increasing. The present review describes the properties and physiological functions of DFA III as well as its commercial importance. Focus is also given on the biological production of DFA III from inulin, which contains enzyme resources, inulase II properties, and the capacity for mass DFA III production. Inulase II as an industrial enzyme and its molecular evolution are discussed as well. The aim is to better understand commercial-scale DFA III production as a food product.

From fructans to difructose dianhydrides

“…It has low cariogenicity property and prebiotic effect (Minamida et al 2004(Minamida et al , 2005a(Minamida et al , b, and 2006Mitamura and Hara 2005;Yoshimoto et al 2013), and may increase the absorption of essential minerals (Hara et al 2010;Nakamori et al 2010), flavonoids (Matsumoto et al 2007), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Sato et al 2012). The large-scale bioproduction of DFA III has been widely studied (Hang et al 2012a(Hang et al , b, 2013a, and the DFA III has been industrialized and put into the market in Japan (Hang et al 2011;Kikuchi et al 2009). …”

“…DFAs can be used as low-caloric sweeteners with promising physiological effects. The most representative DFA is DFA III (α-D-fructofuranose-β-Dfructofuranose 2′,1:2,3′-dianhydride) (Hang et al 2011). DFA III is an ideal sucrose substitute, which has 52 % relative sweetness but only 1/15 energy of sucrose (Kikuchi et al 2004).…”

Carbon Dioxide as a Traceless Caramelization Promotor: Preparation of Prebiotic Difructose Dianhydrides (DFAs)-Enriched Caramels from d-Fructose

“…α-D-Fructofuranose β-D-fructofuranose 1,2′:2,3′-dianhydride, 1, was obtained by a biotechnological process involving treatment of inulin with inulase II from Arthrobacter sp. 37 and was >99% pure as seen by NMR and GC.…”

Ingestion of difructose anhydride III partially suppresses the deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation of bile acids in rats fed with a cholic acid-supplemented diet

“…Difructose anhydride III (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2′:2,3′-dianhydride, DFAIII), a nondigestible disaccharide, is mainly derived from inulin [16]. DFAIII is high fermentable and enhances short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis during microbial fermentation in the cecum [17].…”