Recent Advances on Functional Nucleic-Acid Biosensors

Abstract

In the past few decades, biosensors have been gradually developed for the rapid detection and monitoring of human diseases. Recently, functional nucleic-acid (FNA) biosensors have attracted the attention of scholars due to a series of advantages such as high stability and strong specificity, as well as the significant progress they have made in terms of biomedical applications. However, there are few reports that systematically and comprehensively summarize its working principles, classification and application. In this review, we primarily introduce functional modes of biosensors that combine functional nucleic acids with different signal output modes. In addition, the mechanisms of action of several media of the FNA biosensor are introduced. Finally, the practical application and existing problems of FNA sensors are discussed, and the future development directions and application prospects of functional nucleic acid sensors are prospected.

Electrochemical Aptasensors for Antibiotics Detection: Recent Achievements and Applications for Monitoring Food Safety

“…As we already briefly mentioned in the Introduction section, biosensors are mostly classified in accordance with the biorecognition element and transduction principle. Thus, enzyme [ 123 , 124 ], immuno- [ 125 , 126 ], and DNA sensors [ 127 , 128 ] are used with appropriate biorecognition elements attached to the transducer interface or placed near them. Aptasensors containing aptamers specific to a certain analyte belong to the DNA sensors family [ 129 ].…”

Recent Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges in Developing Nucleic Acid Integrated Wearable Biosensors for Expanding the Capabilities of Wearable Technologies in Health Monitoring

“…Among various nucleic acids, synthetic oligonucleotides such as DNAs and RNAs are popular identification probes for detecting nucleic acid biomarkers [ 77 ]. Using a very straightforward approach, the single-stranded DNAs hybridize with the complementary sequence of the target DNA or RNA, thus forming a nucleic acid duplex ( Figure 3 a) [ 75 ].…”

“…These techniques include Nucleic Acid Sequence-based Amplification [ 85 ], Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification [ 86 ], Strand Displacement Amplification [ 87 ], Rolling Circle Amplification [ 88 ], and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) [ 89 ]. RPA has the fastest reaction time, a near 37 °C reaction temperature, and has been employed in wearable devices, as it is highly sensitive, requires two specific forward and reverse primers, and can use human body heat as the heat source [ 46 , 76 , 77 ]. Trinh et al developed a wearable RPA device, capable of forming contact with skin.…”

Development of Nucleic‐Acid‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Clinical Applications

“…These targets are oftentimes more abundant and accessible outside bacterial cells or viruses. [49,133] The goal of these sensors is to achieve sensitive and specific rapid testing using simple devices that are applicable to POC use and have the potential for commercialization.…”

“…Since these sensors require cell lysis and nucleic acid extraction, and in many cases nucleic acid amplification due to the low copy number of genomic DNA or RNA, [117, 121, 128–132] more recent efforts have focused on using functional nucleic acids for the detection of non‐nucleic acid targets of pathogens. These targets are oftentimes more abundant and accessible outside bacterial cells or viruses [49, 133] . The goal of these sensors is to achieve sensitive and specific rapid testing using simple devices that are applicable to POC use and have the potential for commercialization.…”