Recent advances on hybrid integration of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms

Ren, Guanghui; Mitchell, Arnan; Ou, Jian Zhen

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2019-0565

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, saturable absorption at low light intensities [3] and the observation of tunable localized plasmons in doped graphene [4] make it superior to metal, enabling an avenue for the development of next-generation graphene-based optoelectronic and photonic devices. Ultracompact graphene-integrated waveguides [5,6] and resonators [7][8][9] are among these devices that have been proposed and analyzed with a diverse range of applications in photodetectors [10], optical filters and switches [9], sensors [11], modulators [5,7], lenses [12], polarizers [13], to name a few. In line with this, efforts have been put in achieving tunable fano resonances [14], thermo-optic bistability [15], resonant optical bistability, regenerative oscillation, and four-wave mixing [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrafast free-carrier dynamics on frequency comb generation in graphene-based microresonators

Sahoo¹

2022

Preprint

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Manipulation of the dynamics of cavity solitons, precise control of frequency comb spectra and nonlinear response of microresonators through exploitation of the ultrafast optical properties of graphene can have an immense impact on the technological advancement of on-chip photonic devices. Here, we report that an efficient self-frequency blueshifted frequency comb at optical and near-infrared wavelengths can be achieved owing to the near-instantaneous free-carrier dynamics of graphene in a realistic graphene-covered silicon nitride microresonator. We perform a stability analysis to find the region of stable cavity soliton excitation, which reveals that the nonlinearity of graphene helps in improving the performance of the devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrafast free-carrier dynamics on frequency comb generation in graphene-based microresonators

Sahoo¹

2022

Preprint

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“…The successful mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004 lifted the veil of 2D materials world in the research community. [1,2] Comparing to conventional bulk materials, 2D materials of atomic thickness, owing to their electron confinement within two dimensions, do exhibit their uniqueness in electronic, optical, chemical, mechanical properties, and so on, which has become the center of attention both in industries and academia. [3,4] Moreover, various 2D materials, like graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXenes, [5,6,7] and metal oxides [8,9] provide a full selection of material types ranging from semimetals [10] to semiconductors [11][12][13] and insulators with large bandgap, [14] enabling huge possibilities for novel applications and a load of untouched fundamental science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29] While for conventional semiconductors, they have intrinsic limitations in bandgap tunability, electro-optic modulation, and nonlinear functionality, which stop them from achieving high-performance optoelectronic devices. [51] As for graphene, although the secondorder nonlinearity χ (2) is absent as the inversion symmetry of its crystal structure, it presents an electro-optic effect through its optical absorption. For electrically or chemically doped (i.e., n-doped or p-doped) graphene, the Fermi level E F would shift from the Dirac point to the upper or lower cone region, leading to a dependent relationship between the wavelength and the absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Optical Properties of 2D Materials and Their Applications

Ren

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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154

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unlimited possibilities in the improvement of the performances of optoelectronic devices. [19-23] Beyond that, the properties of 2D materials can be tuned in situ by using different approaches [24-26] to expand the functionalities of optoelectronic devices. Out of them, the tunability in their optical properties has attracted great interest over the past decades where researchers dedicated to discovering various tuning methods to realize desired outcomes. [27,28] More excitingly, owing to the unprecedented electronic properties, high stretchability, magnetism, and thermal conductivity of 2D materials, different tuning approaches such as electrical gating, external strain stimuli, a static magnetic field, surface acoustic waves (SAWs), and thermal heating can be simultaneously adopted to participate the light-matter interaction, leading to the tailored and synergetic optical response of 2D materials. [29] Table 1 illustrates a brief advantages and weaknesses analysis between different optical tuning approaches of 2D and non-2D materials. There is a huge potential to revolutionize the optoelectronic devices by incorporating 2D materials with tunable optical properties. [30,31] So far, researchers have achieved flagship milestones in this area where a diverse set of high-performance optical devices are realized including modulators, photodetectors, optical sources, and optical switches. [32] In this review, we primarily focus on the theoretical and experimental researches of optical effects causing by various external stimuli in 2D materials. In Section 2, 2D materials with electro-optic effect and its application will be discussed, followed by piezophototronic effect and its application in Section 3. In Section 4, 2D materials with magneto-optic effect and its application will be discussed. Then, acousto-optic (AO) effect and its application, and thermo-optic (TO) effect and its application will be discussed in Sections 4 and 5, respectively. In the last section, the conclusion and perspective will be provided. 2. Electro-Optic Effect and Its Applications for 2D Materials 2.1. 2D Materials with Electro-Optic Effect In a broad sense, electro-optic effect is about an optical property change in the materials when applying an electric field. As shown in Figure 1, the refractive index of the material can be tuned in the presence of electric field due to the variation of charge carrier density. [29] This effect involves several Recent efforts have been heavily devoted to the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials, due to their unique optical properties that are distinctly different from those of bulk counterparts. Given that the feature of flexible tunability is highly desired, various approaches have been demonstrated to efficiently modulate the optical properties, eventually enabling peculiar functionalities or realizing high-performance nanoscale devices. Here, this review focuses on recent advances in tuning the optical properties of 2D materials by external stimuli including elec...

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“…Recent advances in light-emitting and detecting devices (LEDs and Photodetectors) layered structures fabrication technology have reached a level pushing the limits [1]; currently, in one or more of the three Cartesian directions, structures with nearly submicron sizes similar to the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons can be fabricated [2]. In telecommunication and optical computing applications, optoelectronic devices play a significant role and are extensively used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of density of states and energy level of chalcogenide quantum dots

Ahamed

Muthaiyan²

2021

IRASE

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Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are luminous materials with unique optical properties that can be fine-tuned by varying the size of the material. Chalcogenide QDs show strong quantum confinements effects owing to the fact that the exciton Bohr radius is much larger than the particle size, and tunable energy bandgap leads to widespread technological interest in near-infrared optical devices. In this communication, one dimensional Cu2SnS3 and PbSexS1-x QDs is modeled by a particle in a box model which was used to compute energies and density of states. The density of states and the energy level of QDs are determined as a function of the strengths of the potential walls of the inner box. The results exhibit that the density of states decreases exponentially with an increase in the energy level of QDs. The density of states at lower energy levels is more significant than what is observed in higher energy levels.

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Recent advances on hybrid integration of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms

Cited by 39 publications

References 142 publications

Effects of ultrafast free-carrier dynamics on frequency comb generation in graphene-based microresonators

Effects of ultrafast free-carrier dynamics on frequency comb generation in graphene-based microresonators

Tunable Optical Properties of 2D Materials and Their Applications

Modelling of density of states and energy level of chalcogenide quantum dots

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