Recent Advances on Marine Alkaloids from Sponges

Abstract

Alkaloids from marine secondary metabolites have received extensive attention from pharmacists in recent years. Miscellaneous alkaloids derived from marine sponges possessed various pharmacological activities including cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and so on. Herein, we summarized 149 marine alkaloids from sponges based on their structures and bioactivities reported from 2015 to 2020 and analyzed the production environment of marine sponges with rich alkaloids. Moreover, we discussed biosynthesis routes of pyrrole and guanidine alkaloids from marine sponges Agelas and Monanchora. This article will be beneficial for future research on drugs from marine natural products.

Volatile Organic Compounds of Marine Sponge Petrosia ficiformis from the Adriatic Sea

“…[28] Indole alkaloids containing a benzopyrrole skeleton exhibit antibacterial, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antineoplastic properties. [29,30] Carotenoid degradation products, C13-norisoprenoides, were more abundant in the hydrodistillate of the dry sample. β-Ionone increased 3.6 times after the drying, and β-cyclohomocitral, was detected only in the dry sample.…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

“…These reports show that the number of reported marine-derived alkaloids increased rapidly from 64 in 2016 to 160 in 2021. Although there are several proposed definitions of the term 'alkaloid', the most acceptable one is introduced by S. William Pelletier "An Alkaloid is a cyclic organic compound containing nitrogen in a negative oxidation state which is of lim-ited distribution among living organisms" [10,35]. According to this broad definition, this class of natural compounds can by classified into seven categories, including indole alkaloids, carboline alkaloids, guanidine alkaloids, bromotyrosine alkaloids, pyrrole alkaloids, diterpene alkaloids, and other alkaloids.…”

Reducing Challenges in Organic Synthesis with Stereoselective Hydrogenation and Tandem Catalysis

“…With an array of biological activities from anti-microbial to anti-cancer, alkaloids comprise a large class of structurally diverse natural products. , Their most distinguishing feature is the presence of a basic nitrogen atom that often poses synthetic challenges. Heteroarene reduction by cascade hydrogenation has shown potential for piecing together these intricate frameworks from achiral substrates. − Multiple stereocenters can be generated in one step by global reduction of a simple, highly oxidized aromatic substrate.…”