Recent advances on natural depsidones: sources, biosynthesis, structure-activity relationship, and bioactivities

Abstract

Depsidones are a class of polyphenolic polyketides that have been proposed to be biosynthesized from oxidative coupling of esters of two polyketidic benzoic acid derivatives. They are principally encountered in fungi and lichens. In addition to their diversified structural features, they revealed varied bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Helicobacter pylori, antimycobacterial, antihypertensive, anti-diarrheal, antidiabetic, phytotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-osteoclastogenic, and butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The current work was targeted to provide an overview on the naturally reported depsidones from various sources in the period from 2018 to the end of 2022 including their structures, biosynthesis, sources, and bioactivities, as well as the reported structure-activity relationship and semisynthetic derivatives. A total of 172 metabolites with 87 references were reviewed. The reported findings unambiguously demonstrated that these derivatives could be promising leads for therapeutic agents. However, further in-vivo evaluation of their potential biological properties and mechanistic investigations are needed.

Curdepsidone A Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis and Inhibits Protective Autophagy via the ROS/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in HeLa Cells

“…Holothurin A, isolated from Holothuria scabra, can inhibit EMT and the metastasis of prostate cancer through the suppression of the AKT/P38/JNK-MAPK pathway [41]. Depsidones exhibit various biological activities, including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties [11]. Himantormiones B, isolated from the Antarctic Lichen Himantormia lugubris, demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against colon cancer HCT116 cells [42].…”

“…The One Strain, Many Compounds (OSMAC) strategy induces the production of different secondary metabolites by modulating the culture conditions of microorganisms, which helps to isolate and obtain novel compounds with good biological activities [9,10]. Depsidones are a class of polyphenolic polyketides formed via the oxidative coupling of esters of two polyketide benzoic acid derivatives [11]. They exhibit a variety of bioactivities such as cytotoxic [12,13], anti-inflammatory [14,15], antimicrobial [13,16,17], antimalarial [18], antioxidant [19], and antidiabetic [20] activities.…”