Recent Advances on the Aqueous Phase Adsorption of Carbamazepine

Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound used in medical practice. Due to the ecotoxicological risk of its presence in the aqueous environment, researchers have been investigating its removal by adsorption technique. The aim of this study is to review the works done on the removal of CBZ from water by adsorption. Carbon‐based materials were the best types of adsorbent for CBZ uptake (> 200 mg g−1). Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) showed especially good adsorption capacities. The key mechanisms of CBZ adsorption were π‐π interaction, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Classical equilibrium isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich were always best‐fits and kinetics modelling was best‐fit to the pseudo‐second order model. The thermodynamics modelling of CBZ adsorption showed it was spontaneous and endothermic for most adsorbents. Methanol and acetone were especially effective for the desorption of CBZ from adsorbents and can achieve > 90 % removal even after 4–5 cycles. CBZ competes favorably in adsorption systems with other pharmaceutical species due to the advantages of the hydrophobic effect and molecular size.

Preparation of Fe3O4 Magnetic Material Modified by Fulvic Acid and Its Adsorption Performance for Methylene Blue

“…The regeneration efficiency of the modified material could be calculated by equation (9). (9) In the equation ( 9), q' was the saturated adsorption capacity of the modified material after regeneration, mg g À 1 ; q 0 was the saturated adsorption capacity of the modified material before regeneration, mg g À 1 ; R was the regeneration efficiency of the modified material.…”

“…Up to now, organic synthetic dyes were widely produced and used in many fields. For example, textiles, [6] food, [7] leather, [8] pharmaceuticals, [9] cosmetics, [10] paper, [11] plastics, [12] and paint [13] all needed to use dyes in their production processes. A large amount of wastewater containing dyes would be discharged into the water environment during the use of the dyes.…”

Modeling the Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Cephalexin onto Coated Iron Nanoparticles Using Response Surface and Molecular Modeling

“…Also, the interaction between pH and time has a synergetic effect on the process as well as the interaction between pH and CEX concentration. Solution pH, reaction duration, dose, temperature, and the interaction between pH and dosage have an antagonistic effect on CEX oxidation looking at the signs in Equation (6). The higher F value for pH (Table 7) shows that the pH has the greatest influence on the adsorption of CEX using Fe 3 O 4 @SIO 2 particles.…”

“…One of the most widely used antibiotics is the beta-lactam family, which includes the molecule CEX [4, 5]. More serious side effects include limited biological decomposition capacity, high toxicity, carcinogenic, mutagenic, mutagenic effects, DNA and lymphocytes being damaged, allergic responses being increased, and the development of medication resistance [6]. Because of their complicated structure and limited biodegradability, the degradation of these substances is seen as a significant environmental concern [7].…”

Modification and Application of Carbon Nanotubes for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater: A Review

“…Recent trends of wastewater treatment process are to modifying the composite materials with nanostructured materials due to their exclusive characteristics such as enlarged surface area, small size, available reactive sites and regeneration facilities [1][2][3]. Among other nanostructured materials, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely using for removal of ECs from wastewater [21][22][23][24]. The CNTs having hexagonal sheets of carbon atoms revolved up into hollow structure taking diverse helicities Effect of ECs on environment and human health [17].…”