1974
DOI: 10.1109/proc.1974.9570
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Recent analytical investigations of electromagnetic ground wave propagation over inhomogeneous earth models

Abstract: Absrmcr-A consolidated review is presented of lecent pnalyticrl studies of electromagnetic waves propagating over inhomogeneous SITfaces. Emphasis is on smooth boundaries that can be. characterized by a local surface i mpedance. A g e n d integral equation formulation is developed for this situation. A number of specinl cases ue then considered and various methods of solution are debcn'bed Various concrete examples are presented, prrticulariy with w d to effects that occur at coastlines. Extensions to certain … Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…The lightning flash is assumed to strike on the ocean surface (the first section), and the observation point is near the interface (the second section), as shown in Figure 1. When the fields propagate from the ocean surface to the land section, the attenuation function along the mixed path is given by Wait and Walters [1963a, 1963b] and Wait [1974, 1998]: W0,d,jω=W20,d,jω[]dγ02π1/2normalΔ1normalΔ20ddlW2()0,dx,jωW1()0,x,jω()x()dx1/2dx γ0=jωμ0ε0 where W (0, d , jω ) is the total attenuation function along the mixed path, W 1 (0, d , jω ) and W 2 (0, d , jω ) are the attenuation functions of the first section and second section, respectively, which are given as below [ Wait , 1998; Hill and Wait , 1980]: Wn0,d,jω=1jπpnexppnerfcjpn pn=jωd2cnormalΔn2 <...>…”
Section: Attenuation Function For the Rough Ocean‐land Mixed Propagatmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The lightning flash is assumed to strike on the ocean surface (the first section), and the observation point is near the interface (the second section), as shown in Figure 1. When the fields propagate from the ocean surface to the land section, the attenuation function along the mixed path is given by Wait and Walters [1963a, 1963b] and Wait [1974, 1998]: W0,d,jω=W20,d,jω[]dγ02π1/2normalΔ1normalΔ20ddlW2()0,dx,jωW1()0,x,jω()x()dx1/2dx γ0=jωμ0ε0 where W (0, d , jω ) is the total attenuation function along the mixed path, W 1 (0, d , jω ) and W 2 (0, d , jω ) are the attenuation functions of the first section and second section, respectively, which are given as below [ Wait , 1998; Hill and Wait , 1980]: Wn0,d,jω=1jπpnexppnerfcjpn pn=jωd2cnormalΔn2 <...>…”
Section: Attenuation Function For the Rough Ocean‐land Mixed Propagatmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…W (0, d , jω ) is the attenuation function along the mixed propagation path. For a mixed propagation path, two different attenuation functions are given by Wait [1974] and Wait and Walters [1963a, 1963b]: W(0,d,jω)=W1(0,d,jω)[dγ02π]1/2[normalΔ2normalΔ1]0dlW1(0,dx,jω)W2(0,x,jω)true(xtrue(dxtrue)true)1/2dx W(0,d,jω)=W2(0,d,jω)[dγ02π]1/2[normalΔ1normalΔ2]0ddlW2(0,dx,jω)W1(0,x,jω)true(xtrue(dxtrue)true)1/2dx γ0=jωμ0italicε0 where W 1 (0, d , jω ) and W 2 (0, d , jω ) are the attenuation functions for the first and second sections, respectively: Wn(0,d,jω…”
Section: The Simplified Formula For a Mixed Propagation Pathmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It may >e mentioned that Wait [7][8][9][10][11][12] has done considerable work on the asymptotic calculation of the surface fields which are diffracted past an impedance discontinuity as at Q and Q of Figure 1. Indeed, some of his work [7,g,12] has bee; helpfbl in the asymptotic analysis of the currents which exist on a curved impedance boundary.…”
Section: Impedancementioning
confidence: 99%