Recent Antimicrobial Responses of Halophilic Microbes in Clinical Pathogens

Abstract

Microbial pathogens that cause severe infections and are resistant to drugs are simultaneously becoming more active. This urgently calls for novel effective antibiotics. Organisms from extreme environments are known to synthesize novel bioprospecting molecules for biomedical applications due to their peculiar characteristics of growth and physiological conditions. Antimicrobial developments from hypersaline environments, such as lagoons, estuaries, and salterns, accommodate several halophilic microbes. Salinity is a distinctive environmental factor that continuously promotes the metabolic adaptation and flexibility of halophilic microbes for their survival at minimum nutritional requirements. A genetic adaptation to extreme solar radiation, ionic strength, and desiccation makes them promising candidates for drug discovery. More microbiota identified via sequencing and ‘omics’ approaches signify the hypersaline environments where compounds are produced. Microbial genera such as Bacillus, Actinobacteria, Halorubrum and Aspergillus are producing a substantial number of antimicrobial compounds. Several strategies were applied for producing novel antimicrobials from halophiles including a consortia approach. Promising results indicate that halophilic microbes can be utilised as prolific sources of bioactive metabolites with pharmaceutical potentialto expand natural product research towards diverse phylogenetic microbial groups which inhabit salterns. The present study reviews interesting antimicrobial compounds retrieved from microbial sources of various saltern environments, with a discussion of their potency in providing novel drugs against clinically drug-resistant microbes.

Chromophore Planarity, –BH Bridge Effect, and Two-Photon Activity: Bi- and Ter-Phenyl Derivatives as a Case Study

“… 31 These systems have a more comprehensive range of applications; for example, BPs have been used as heat transfer fluids 32 and food preservatives 33 and in the production of polychlorinated biphenyls. 34 At the same time, TPs have found their applications as components of organic light emitting diodes, 35 therapeutics, 36 − 38 and catalysts. 39 …”

Special Issue “Halophilic Microorganisms”

“…This work shows how halophilic microorganisms can be a potential source of antimicrobials, with species of the genus Bacillus and members of the Phylum Actinomycetota being the most promising. Other halophilic bacterial species and halophilic microalgae are included, as well as the use of halo-microbial derived products such as pigments, biosurfactants, and exopolysaccharides, in the review of possible antimicrobial compounds [ 12 ].…”