Recent Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Antibacterial, Anticancer, Wound Healing, and Tissue Engineering Fields

Mawazi, Saeid Mezail; Kumar, Mohit; Ahmad, Noraini; Ge, Yi; Mahmood, Syed

doi:10.3390/polym16101351

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 194 publications

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“…Within the cosmetics sector, chitosan is incorporated into skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory attributes [ 4 ]. It is employed in wound dressings and bandages in the medical field to facilitate wound healing, reduce bleeding, and prevent infection [ 5 ]. Nevertheless, its most notable impact has been in water treatment, where it binds various pollutants and forms flocs, contributing significantly to the growth of the chitosan market in recent years [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cross-Linked Chitosan and Its Application as Adsorbent for Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Simulated Electroplating Wastewater

Cagnetta,

Yin,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Materials

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Chitosan is a promising adsorbent for removing a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. However, its practical application is hindered by instability in acidic environments, which significantly impairs its adsorption capacity and limits its utilization in water purification. While cross-linking can enhance the acid stability of chitosan, current solvent-based methods are often costly and environmentally unfriendly. In this study, a solvent-free mechanochemical process was developed using high-energy ball milling to cross-link chitosan with various polyanionic linkers, including dextran sulfate (DS), poly[4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid] (PSSM), and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The mechanochemically cross-linked (MCCL) chitosan products exhibited superior adsorption capacity and stability in acidic solutions compared to pristine chitosan. Chitosan cross-linked with DS (Cht-DS) showed the highest Reactive Red 2 (RR2) adsorption capacity, reaching 1559 mg·g−1 at pH 3, followed by Cht-PSSM (1352 mg·g−1) and Cht-TPP (1074 mg·g−1). The stability of MCCL chitosan was visually confirmed by the negligible mass loss of Cht-DS and Cht-PSSM tablets in pH 3 solution, unlike the complete dissolution of the pristine chitosan tablet. The MCCL significantly increased the microhardness of chitosan, with the order Cht-DS > Cht-PSSM > Cht-TPP, consistent with the RR2 adsorption capacity. When tested on simulated rinsing wastewater from chromium electroplating, Cht-DS effectively removed Cr(VI) (98.75% removal) and three per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (87.40–95.87% removal), following pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. This study demonstrates the potential of the cost-effective and scalable MCCL approach to produce chitosan-based adsorbents with enhanced stability, mechanical strength, and adsorption performance for treating highly acidic industrial wastewater containing a mixture of toxic pollutants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cross-Linked Chitosan and Its Application as Adsorbent for Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Simulated Electroplating Wastewater

Cagnetta,

Yin,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Materials

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Chitosan‐Based Hydrogels as Antibacterial/Antioxidant/Anti‐Inflammation Multifunctional Dressings for Chronic Wound Healing

Xu,

Chang,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Due to repeated microbial infection, persistent inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and cell dysfunction, chronic wounds are difficult to heal, posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, developing multifunctional wound dressings that can regulate the complex microenvironment of chronic wounds and enhance cellular function holds great significance. Recently, chitosan has emerged as a promising biopolymer for wound healing due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile bioactivity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of delayed chronic wound healing and discuss the healing–promoting properties of chitosan and its derivatives, such as good biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, hemostatic capacity, and the ability to promote tissue regeneration. On this basis, the potential applications of chitosan‐based hydrogels are summarized in chronic wound healing, including providing a suitable microenvironment, eliminating bacterial infections, promoting hemostasis, inhibiting chronic inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, and promoting tissue regeneration. In addition, the concerns and perspectives for the clinical application of chitosan‐based hydrogels are also discussed.

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Fabrication of In Situ‐Cross‐Linked N‐Succinyl Chitosan/Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel‐Loaded Ascorbic Acid and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Engineering

Duong,

Vu,

et al. 2024

Biopolymers

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Bone tissue engineering is a promising technology being studied globally to become an effective and sustainable method to treat the problems of damaged or diseased bones. In this work, we developed an in situ cross‐linking hydrogel system that combined N‐succinyl chitosan (NSC) and oxidized alginate (OA) at varying mixing ratios through Schiff base cross‐linking. The hydrogel system also contains biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and ascorbic acid (AA), which could enhance biological characteristics and accelerate bone repair. The hydrogels' properties were examined through physicochemical tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), pore size and porosity measurement, swelling ratio, degradation rate, AA release study, as well as cytocompatibility, including live/dead and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the supplementation of AA and BCP components can affect the physico‐mechanical properties of the hydrogel system. However, they exhibited noncytotoxic properties. Overall, the results demonstrated that the hydrogel composed of 3% (w/v) NSC and 3% (w/v) OA (NSC: OA volume ratio is 8:2) loaded with 40% (w/w) BCP and 0.3 mg/mL AA has the potential for bone regeneration.

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Recent Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Antibacterial, Anticancer, Wound Healing, and Tissue Engineering Fields

Cited by 24 publications

References 194 publications

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cross-Linked Chitosan and Its Application as Adsorbent for Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Simulated Electroplating Wastewater

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cross-Linked Chitosan and Its Application as Adsorbent for Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Simulated Electroplating Wastewater

Chitosan‐Based Hydrogels as Antibacterial/Antioxidant/Anti‐Inflammation Multifunctional Dressings for Chronic Wound Healing

Fabrication of In Situ‐Cross‐Linked N‐Succinyl Chitosan/Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel‐Loaded Ascorbic Acid and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Engineering

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