Recent Applications of Polyacrylamide as Biomaterials

Yang, Tung Sheng

doi:10.2174/1874464810801010029

Cited by 91 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Continuous production of by‐products by immobilized enzymes receives great attention for enzyme reusability, stability of enzyme catalytic structure, feasibility of separation of catabolic products that will be justifiable economically (Cao 2005; Hung et al. 2008; Yang 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and immobilization of purified Aspergillus flavipesl-methioninase: continuous production of methanethiol

Elsayed

Shindia

2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To immobilize the purified Aspergillus flavipesl‐methioninase on solid carriers for continuous production of methanethiol with high purity, by the enzymatic methods. Methods and Results: The purified l‐methioninase was immobilized using different methods, and physicochemical and kinetic studies for the potent immobilized enzyme were conducted parallel to the soluble one. The activity of the purified extracellular enzyme was 1·8‐fold higher than intracellular one from submerged cultures of A. flavipes. Among the tested methods, polyacrylamide (42·2%), Ca‐alginate (40·9%) and chitin (40·8%) displayed the highest immobilization efficiency. The thermal inactivation rate was strongly decreased for chitin‐immobilized enzyme (0·222 s−1) comparing to soluble enzyme (0·51 s−1). Enzyme immobilization efficiency was greatly improved using 4·0% glutaraldehyde and 41·6/6·3 (T/C) as spacers for chitin and polyacrylamide‐enzyme conjugates, comparing to their controls. Also the incorporation of lysine, glutathione, cysteine and dithiothreitol as active site protectants significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency of immobilized enzyme. The activity of enzyme was increased by 4·5‐ and 3·5‐fold using glutathione plus DDT and glutathione plus methionine, for chitin and polyacrylamide enzyme, respectively. Conclusion: Chitin enzyme gave a plausible stability till fourth cycle for production of methanethiol under controlled system. Applying GC and HNMR analysis, methanethiol has identical chemical structure to the standard compound. Significance and Impact of the Study: Technically, a new method for continuous production of pure methanethiol, with broad applications, was developed using a simple low expenses method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and immobilization of purified Aspergillus flavipesl-methioninase: continuous production of methanethiol

Elsayed

Shindia

2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Recently, this biopolymer has shown promise in neural tissue engineering in the form of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) and scaffold with specific improvements in nerve cells’ attachment, differentiation, and growth after derivatization or blending with other polymers such as poly- l -lysine [8]. Additionally, poly(acrylamide) individually as well as in combination with other polymers such as poly(urethane) has been proposed to be valuable in neural tissue engineering as a cell carrier with sustained bioactive-release properties [2,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persulfate-chitosan redox system radically initiates the polymerization of AAm leading to formation of a graft copolymer: polyacrylamide-graft-chitosan (AAm-g-CHT) and a homopolymer: polyacrylamide [14,17]. However, this homopolymer formation remains the main constraint in commercializing the procedures due to the low molecular mass of the graft copolymers and low grafting yield [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel High-Viscosity Polyacrylamidated Chitosan for Neural Tissue Engineering: Fabrication of Anisotropic Neurodurable Scaffold via Molecular Disposition of Persulfate-Mediated Polymer Slicing and Complexation

Kumar

Choonara

Toit

et al. 2012

IJMS

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Macroporous polyacrylamide-grafted-chitosan scaffolds for neural tissue engineering were fabricated with varied synthetic and viscosity profiles. A novel approach and mechanism was utilized for polyacrylamide grafting onto chitosan using potassium persulfate (KPS) mediated degradation of both polymers under a thermally controlled environment. Commercially available high molecular mass polyacrylamide was used instead of the acrylamide monomer for graft copolymerization. This grafting strategy yielded an enhanced grafting efficiency (GE = 92%), grafting ratio (GR = 263%), intrinsic viscosity (IV = 5.231 dL/g) and viscometric average molecular mass (MW = 1.63 × 106 Da) compared with known acrylamide that has a GE = 83%, GR = 178%, IV = 3.901 dL/g and MW = 1.22 × 106 Da. Image processing analysis of SEM images of the newly grafted neurodurable scaffold was undertaken based on the polymer-pore threshold. Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR spectral analyses in conjugation with DSC were used for the characterization and comparison of the newly grafted copolymers. Static Lattice Atomistic Simulations were employed to investigate and elucidate the copolymeric assembly and reaction mechanism by exploring the spatial disposition of chitosan and polyacrylamide with respect to the reactional profile of potassium persulfate. Interestingly, potassium persulfate, a peroxide, was found to play a dual role initially degrading the polymers—“polymer slicing”—thereby initiating the formation of free radicals and subsequently leading to synthesis of the high molecular mass polyacrylamide-grafted-chitosan (PAAm-g-CHT)—“polymer complexation”. Furthermore, the applicability of the uniquely grafted scaffold for neural tissue engineering was evaluated via PC12 neuronal cell seeding. The novel PAAm-g-CHT exhibited superior neurocompatibility in terms of cell infiltration owing to the anisotropic porous architecture, high molecular mass mediated robustness, superior hydrophilicity as well as surface charge due to the acrylic chains. Additionally, these results suggested that the porous PAAm-g-CHT scaffold may act as a potential neural cell carrier.

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“…The obtained class of (meth)acrylamides is of interest in the field of biomedical applications, e.g., for dental materials, artificial cornea, or drug-delivery systems, for which contact with body fluids is inevitable [17–18]. Whilst some of the resulting secondary di(meth)acrylamides end up being solids, tertiary di(meth)acrylamides can be obtained as relatively low viscous, highly soluble/compatible liquids [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of spatially arranged curing moieties

Maier¹,

Schmidt²,

Ringwald³

et al. 2017

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Six polymerizable N,N’-diacylamides containing spatially arranged N-acryl, N-allyl and/or N-alkyl groups were prepared via two-step syntheses and characterized by 1H/13C NMR-spectra, refractive index (RI) and viscosity measurements. Photo DSC measurements on activated samples provided reactivity parameters ∆H p, R p,max and t max, while FTIR spectra before and after curing elucidated the underlying polymerization mechanism. Mechanical testing of the obtained polymers exhibited gradual differences in network densities, depending on the intramolecular arrangement and number of functional groups. Overall, a general building principle for highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of optimally arranged functional groups could be identified. The highest possible level of intramolecular synergism was found for low viscous N,N'-diacryloyl-N,N'-diallyl-1,4-but-2-enediamine.

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Recent Applications of Polyacrylamide as Biomaterials

Cited by 91 publications

References 72 publications

Characterization and immobilization of purified Aspergillus flavipesl-methioninase: continuous production of methanethiol

Characterization and immobilization of purified Aspergillus flavipesl-methioninase: continuous production of methanethiol

Novel High-Viscosity Polyacrylamidated Chitosan for Neural Tissue Engineering: Fabrication of Anisotropic Neurodurable Scaffold via Molecular Disposition of Persulfate-Mediated Polymer Slicing and Complexation

Highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of spatially arranged curing moieties

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