Recent crustal deformation in southern California deduced from the restoration of folded and faulted strata

Gratier, Jean‐Pierre; Hopps, Thomas E.; Sorlien, Christopher C.; Wright, Tim

doi:10.1029/1998jb900049

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This fault, about 55 km long, dipping toward the northeast, shows a reverse displacement. The associated north‐south compression began about 4 Myr ago [ Yeats et al , 1994; Molnar , 1993; Gratier et al , 1999a]. Its most recent rupture occurred during the late Quaternary [ Jennings , 1994].…”

Section: Observation Of Natural Crack Sealing Mechanisms Near Active mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling fluid transfer along California faults when integrating pressure solution crack sealing and compaction processes

2003

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[1] Several models pertaining to earthquake cycles imply intermittent fluid flow through fault. During the interseismic period, increase in fluid pressure from hydrostatic to lithostatic values is a crucial parameter in mechanisms leading to earthquakes. To achieve such pressures, geodynamic processes (gouge compaction, fluid flow) and changes in permeability are required. Previous models have postulated that changes in permeability (by self-healing) are faster than the effects of geodynamic processes. We consider the different mechanisms and rates of crack sealing near active fault on the examples of uplifted Californian faults. We find that natural crack sealing is normally not achieved by a rapid self-healing process. Pressure solution, with mass transfer from solution cleavage to cracks, appears to be a more important mechanism for crack sealing and creep during postseismic deformation. The geometry of transfer path and experimental data have been used to model crack sealing rates by pressure solution which are estimated to be rather slow, similar to the recurrence time of some earthquakes. Such slow changes in permeability may be crucial factors in controlling the increase in fluid pressure and, consequently, the mechanism of critical failure in faults. Then, numerical modeling of fluid pressure and transfer around active faults has been performed integrating a slow change in permeability by crack sealing, gouge compaction, and fluid flow from depth. This modeling shows various location and evolution of fluid overpressure during the interseismic period depending on these processes and allows one to estimate the amount of fluid transferred from depth during interseismic periods.

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Section: Observation Of Natural Crack Sealing Mechanisms Near Active mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling fluid transfer along California faults when integrating pressure solution crack sealing and compaction processes

2003

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“…The details of the computer program UN-FOLD and the technique of map restoration have been published (Gratier et al, 1991(Gratier et al, , 1999Gratier and Guillier, 1993), and only a general description of the technique is given here. Structure-contour maps of a reference competent layer are digitized and gridded for each fault block.…”

Section: Unfolding Of Deformed Horizons To Estimate Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Red Mountain fault extends westward offshore north of and parallel to the Pitas Point-North Channel fault system (Kamerling and . These north-dipping faults form a left-stepping en echelon array (Gratier et al, 1999). This onshore-offshore system is characterized by high rates of Pliocene-Quaternary north-south contraction and rapid Quaternary fault slip and may be capable of relatively frequent large earthquakes (Namson and Davis, 1988;Huftile and Yeats, 1995;Hornafius et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Map restoration of folded and faulted late Cenozoic strata across the Oak Ridge fault, onshore and offshore Ventura basin, California

Sorlien

Gratier

Luyendyk

et al. 2000

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The Ventura basin lies within the east-westtrending active fold-and-thrust belt of the western Transverse Ranges, California. This basin has been the site of significant earthquakes on structures within it and bordering it. The purpose of our study is to identify the main structures in the basin and its borders and to quantify their rate of deformation. Our study includes the onshore and offshore Ventura basin, the arcuate basin-bounding Oak Ridge reverse fault, and the Oxnard shelf to the south. Shortening, fault-slip, and crustalblock motions were studied using a three-dimensional map-restoration technique. Structure-contour maps on the 6 Ma surface and other horizons were digitized and restored to the initial horizontal state by unfolding them using the computer program UNFOLD and then fitting the unfolded surfaces across faults. Comparing the restored and present configuration allows us to estimate total net finite displacements relative to a fixed horizontal reference line. Average post-5 Ma shortening rates estimated from our restoration are slower than both post-1 Ma rates and present rates determined by global positioning systems. Most shortening due to folding in the onshore basin is post-1 Ma, although slip on the Oak Ridge fault has occurred both before and after 1 Ma. Displacement due to faulting and folding includes left-lateral strike-slip motion on the northeast-southwest coastal segment of the Oak Ridge fault and associated clockwise rotation of the adjacent Ventura basin. The Ox-nard shelf is bordered to the south by mountains and islands that have been previously interpreted as folds above thrust-fault ramps. This onshore-offshore block moves as one continuous thrust sheet. Similarly, beyond the well-studied onshore fault, a kinematically continuous offshore Oak Ridge-Mid-Channel left-oblique fault system is interpreted to continue at least an additional 100 km westward beneath the Santa Barbara Channel.

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“…Our knowledge of this will only improve as records extend over timescales of at least several earthquake cycles. It is interesting therefore to compare displacements on a geologic timescale, where transient components are insignificant, with short‐term velocity fields [ Gratier et al , 1999; Hindle et al , 2002]. This is especially true in regions where strain rates are low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Map view retrodeformation of an arcuate fold‐and‐thrust belt: The Jura case

Affolter

2004

J. Geophys. Res.

107

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[1] The mechanism of arcuate mountain range formation is a matter of debate. Here we perform a map view restoration of a detailed three-dimensional model of the Jura arc, a typical arcuate mountain range in the foothills of the Swiss and French Alps. This retrodeformation is performed using the UNFOLD surface-balanced program, based on a ''block mosaic'' method. It results in a displacement field divergent toward the deformation front. This displacement field suggests counterclockwise rigid rotations in the horizontal plane up to 30°in the southern Internal Jura and a corresponding vertical axis rotation or shear strain of the Savoie molasse basin hinterlandward. We also predict a 10°clockwise, vertical axis rotation of the molasse basin in Switzerland. All these rotations agree with those documented by paleomagnetic data. The former are taken to result from a substantial decrease in shortening at the southern Jura end, while the divergence of displacements is interpreted to result from variations in the detachment level distribution.

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Recent crustal deformation in southern California deduced from the restoration of folded and faulted strata

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Modeling fluid transfer along California faults when integrating pressure solution crack sealing and compaction processes

Modeling fluid transfer along California faults when integrating pressure solution crack sealing and compaction processes

Map restoration of folded and faulted late Cenozoic strata across the Oak Ridge fault, onshore and offshore Ventura basin, California

Map view retrodeformation of an arcuate fold‐and‐thrust belt: The Jura case

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