Recent development in liquid phase microextraction for determination of trace level concentration of metals—A review

Evaluation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of cobalt and cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: application in water and food samples

“…Since the invention of DLLME technology in 2006 [21], there has been a growing number of publications focused on this extraction technique, including original articles and reviews [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Microextraction Techniques as a Sample Preparation Step for Metal Analysis

“…In this three phase extraction system dithizone/oleic acid in 1-octanol -HNO 3 was used as extraction phase 0.8 ng L -1 and 387 are LOD and preconcentration factor of the method, respectively. Other two phase and three phase methods for extraction of organomercury and As before electrothermal AAS were reported and summarized in a review article (Dadfarnia, et al, 2010).…”

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for simultaneous separation/preconcentration of nickel, cobalt and copper prior to determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…LLE is also considered to be a time consuming, tedious, and multistage operation. 17 Efforts to overcome these limitations have led to the development of microextraction in analytical chemistry. 18 Miniaturized LLE or liquid phase microextraction (LPME) was introduced in 1996 18,19 allowing the emergence of a different mode of LPME.…”

“…18 Miniaturized LLE or liquid phase microextraction (LPME) was introduced in 1996 18,19 allowing the emergence of a different mode of LPME. 17,20 Among different liquid phase microextraction techniques, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop has attracted much research attention. 17,[21][22][23][24][25] This is due to its advantages of simplicity, rapidity, low cost, simple apparatus and consumption of very small amounts of low toxic organic solvent.…”

“…17,20 Among different liquid phase microextraction techniques, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop has attracted much research attention. 17,[21][22][23][24][25] This is due to its advantages of simplicity, rapidity, low cost, simple apparatus and consumption of very small amounts of low toxic organic solvent. This technique is based on the principle of DLLME and SFODME.…”