Recent development of organic–inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for biomass conversion into hydrogen production

Abstract

Over the last few years, photocatalysis using solar radiation have been explored intensely to investigate the possibilities of producing fuels. The production and systematic usage of solar fuels can reduce...

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Decorated with Strontium Tungstate Nanospheres as an Electrochemical Transducer for Sulfamethazine Sensing

“…Recently, transition-metal tungstates (MWO 4 ; M = Ni, Co, Ce, La, and Cu) were considered prospective alternatives for existing noble metal-based electrodes in electrochemical energy storage, energy conversion, and sensing applications. − However, MWO 4 suffers from poor electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. In addition, the as-prepared MWO 4 materials frequently degrade during prolonged cycling, resulting in poor sensing performances. − To address these issues, various approaches to support the active MWO 4 species with a conductive carbon support reduce aggregation and boost the electron/ion transport kinetics, which effectively enhances the sensing performances with high selectivity and durability. − Graphene has been distinguished as one of the best supports to anchor active MWO 4 species due to its ultrathin nature and high electrical conductivity. , Compared to graphene, graphitic carbon nanosheets (g-C 3 N 4 ) have recently gained attention in the scientific community due to their high surface area and unique porous networks. − Most specifically, g-C 3 N 4 is active in adjusting the electronic properties, which is a suitable support to anchor the dynamic mixed metal oxide species with enhanced selectivity and electrochemical stability. − Hence, the rational design of MWO 4 anchored g-C 3 N 4 hybrid with numerous electroactive sites and exceptional durability through a straightforward approach is attractive in sensing applications. However, still, it has been rarely studied …”

Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting with Support of Metal and Carbon-Based Photocatalysts

“…While striving for a carbon-free community powered by a sustainable economy, hydrogen has been considered an ideal solution for energy, green transportation, industry, and other domains. − In fact, hydrogen energy was thought to be the cleanest energy carrier since water was only the product from its combustion process. − Its high calorific value of 142.3 MJ/kg (three times higher compared to that value of gasoline) also makes it an efficient source of energy. , Figure illustrates hydrogen production technologies from other sources and hydrogen applications in many fields. , It could be seen that thermochemical conversion is considered as the most presently employed technology, and the majority of the hydrogen was derived from nonrenewable fossil feedstocks (such as natural gas, oil, and coal, oil) that are also associated with significant carbon emissions. , Thus, hydrogen is still a potentially game-changing species to attain carbon-free energy, but generating it without carbon emission is challenging. , Due to this reason, searching for sustainable hydrogen production technologies from noncarbon sources should be a prioritized approach for the energy sector in the future.…”

Conversion of Biomass‐derived Aldehydes using Environmentally Benign CuNi nanocatalyst

“…Plants and crops capture around 1 % solar energy in the form of complex molecules via photosynthesis, such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and carbohydrates [3,4] . Furfural is a lignocellulosic biomass‐derived platform molecule that can be converted into value‐added chemicals for energy usage or biofuel precursors [5,6] . Since furfuryl alcohol is an essential intermediate of the drug, resin and adhesive synthesis, the selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is an important step in industrial applications [7–9] .…”

“…[3,4] Furfural is a lignocellulosic biomass-derived platform molecule that can be converted into value-added chemicals for energy usage or biofuel precursors. [5,6] Since furfuryl alcohol is an essential intermediate of the drug, resin and adhesive synthesis, the selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is an important step in industrial applications. [7][8][9] The presence of C=C bond and C=O bond in the furan ring decrease the selectivity of hydrogenation of only C=O bond.…”