Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Abstract

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

Phosphoproteomics of Cold Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Rhododendron Chrysanthum

“…These results suggest that these proteins plays a role in sustained thermal dissipation [19].The decrease of phosphorylation level of PsbR indicated that PSII oxygen evolving complex(OEC) might be damaged under the cold stress [20]. However, NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) involved in oxidation of reactive aldehydes decreased in rhododendron chrysanthum under cold stress [21]. The cold stress also decreased the phosphorylation levels of Calvin cycle enzymes e.g., fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and transketolase (Fig.…”

Effect and Response of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp. Seedlings From Three Contrasting Andalusian Populations to Individual and Combined Phytophthora cinnamomi and Drought Stresses

“…The specific proteins considered were aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 50S ribosomal protein L5, and α-1,4-glucan-protein synthase [UDP-forming]. Aldehyde dehydrogenase levels are known to be raised by both abiotic and biotic stresses (Tola et al, 2021 ). Thus, plants under stress produce increased amounts of ROS that in turn boost aldehyde production by cells through stress-induced lipid peroxidation (Bartels and Sunkar, 2005 ; Tola et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Aldehyde dehydrogenase levels are known to be raised by both abiotic and biotic stresses (Tola et al, 2021 ). Thus, plants under stress produce increased amounts of ROS that in turn boost aldehyde production by cells through stress-induced lipid peroxidation (Bartels and Sunkar, 2005 ; Tola et al, 2021 ). Aldehyde dehydrogenase detoxifies aldehydes by oxidizing them to carboxylic acids (Tola et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Thus, plants under stress produce increased amounts of ROS that in turn boost aldehyde production by cells through stress-induced lipid peroxidation (Bartels and Sunkar, 2005 ; Tola et al, 2021 ). Aldehyde dehydrogenase detoxifies aldehydes by oxidizing them to carboxylic acids (Tola et al, 2021 ). Sunkar et al ( 2003 ) found overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase under Arabidopsis conditions to increase tolerance of dehydration.…”

Phosphoproteomics of Cold Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Rhododendron Chrysanthum

“…The decrease of phosphorylation level of PsbR indicated that Photosystem II oxygen evolving complex(OEC) might be damaged under cold stress [20]. However, NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) involved in oxidation of reactive aldehydes decreased in rhododendron chrysanthum under cold stress [21]. The cold stress also decreased the phosphorylation levels of Calvin cycle enzymes e.g., fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and transketolase (Figure 5), which might lead to the decrease of Calvin cycle activity under cold stress [22].…”