Recent Developments and State of the Art in Flexible and Conformal Reconfigurable Antennas

Mohamadzade, Bahare; Simorangkir, Roy B. V. B.; Marić, Saša; Lalbakhsh, Ali; Hashmi, Raheel M.

doi:10.3390/electronics9091375

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate which has a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a dielectric constant of 0.002. An FR4 substrate is commonly used as a substrate due to its commercial availability [29]. The dimension of a single element is 20 × 20 mm 2 .…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

et al. 2021

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In this article, a compact four-port MIMO antenna system resonating from 4.7–5.1 GHz on −6 dB criteria is discussed. The proposed antennas are arranged in a perpendicular manner providing diversity with good isolation characteristics. The proposed antenna was fabricated and designed on a commercially available low-cost FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4. The total size of the antenna is 40 × 40 mm2, and a minimum isolation of 25 dB was observed at most nearby resonating elements. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested at an in-house facility, and the measured results agree well with the simulations. The MIMO antenna characteristics, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) among any two radiating elements, have been found to be less than 0.1, and the diversity gain (DG) value evaluated showed that the proposed antenna is well designed. Furthermore, the SAR analysis showed that the desired antenna system is safe for users, with a value of 0.94 W/Kg. The channel capacity (cc) was found to be 18.7 bps/Hz, approximately 2.7 times more than SISO systems. Through its robust and reliable performance and its peak gain of 2.8 dBi, the proposed compact antenna is a good candidate for future 5G devices.

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Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

et al. 2021

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“…In the modern era, the usage of flexible/semi-flexible devices increases exponentially due to their numerous advantages over rigid devices, and these advantages include durability, light weight, flexibility, portability, and good energy efficiency [5,6]. Antenna, being a key component of any communication system for its responsibility of transmitting and receiving a signal, plays a major role in designing a compact communication system [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Dual-Band Flexible Antenna for Applications at 900 and 2450 MHZ

Ghaffar¹,

Awan²,

Hussain³

et al. 2021

PIER Letters

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A dual band flexible antenna for applications at 900 and 2450 MHz is proposed in this paper. The antenna offers a compact size of 0.23λ o × 0.120λ o × 0.0007λ o , where λ o is the wavelength at the lower resonance. The antenna comprises a simple geometrical structure consisting of a W-shaped serpentine structure fed by a microstrip line, while a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technique was utilized with a partial ground plane to achieve wide operational bandwidth. An additional capacitor was loaded in between the slots to achieve a higher resonance, thus resulting in a compact dual-band antenna. Various performance parameters were analyzed, and results were compared with the measured ones. The antenna offers good performance in terms of size, bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern and thus increases the potential of the proposed antenna for both rigid and flexible devices.

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“…In addition, all of the presented works are based on rigid structures. To the best of our knowledge, there have been very limited attempts reported on flexible antenna, as opposed to their counterparts with rigid materials [37]. There was indeed an interesting work based on textile materials reported in [11], which did show a potential to have broadside and monopole-like patterns switching on flexible substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conformal, Dynamic Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna Using Conductive Textile-Polymer Composite

Mohamadzade

Simorangkir

Hashmi

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A conformal antenna with electronically tuning capability of its radiation pattern between broadside and monopolelike patterns is proposed. The antenna is based on a proximityfed circular patch, loaded with a ring patch and four rectangular slots. The design is planar without any use of rigid shorting posts or complex feeding network. The reconfigurability is achieved by activating and deactivating the slots using PIN diodes, to switch between TM02 (monopole-like mode) and perturbed TM02 distributions (broadside mode) of the antenna. For conformability, the antenna is fabricated using highly flexible PDMSconductive fabric composite. All the antenna parts, including the RF switches, wires, and DC biasing circuit are fully encapsulated by PDMS to provide resilience against deformation and harsh environment. Investigations on the RF performance and mechanical stability of the antenna were conducted. Under various bendings, it was demonstrated that all the antenna components, including those for electronic switching, remained intact and in working order even under radius bending of 30 mm, thus maintaining good pattern reconfigurability and overall performance. When bent, the measured results at 5.2 GHz show a stable radiation performance relative to those of the flat case (i.e., maximum gain of 2.9 dBi and efficiency of 64% in broadside mode, corresponding to 1.75 dBi and 52% in monopole-like mode). To the best of our knowledge, all these features have never been demonstrated in previously published pattern reconfigurable antennas.

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Recent Developments and State of the Art in Flexible and Conformal Reconfigurable Antennas

Cited by 48 publications

References 104 publications

Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

A Compact Dual-Band Flexible Antenna for Applications at 900 and 2450 MHZ

A Conformal, Dynamic Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna Using Conductive Textile-Polymer Composite

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