Recent developments in amperometric detection for microchip capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

The interest in microfluidic devices has increased considerably over the past decade due to the numerous advantages of working within a miniature, microfabricated format. This review focuses on recent advances in coupling amperometric detection with microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE). Advances in electrochemical cell design, isolation of the detector from the separation field, and integration of both pre- and postseparation reaction chambers are discussed. The use of microchip CE with amperometric detection for enzyme/immunoassays, clinical and environmental assays, and the determination of neurotransmitters is described.

Bioanalytical profile of the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis

“…CEECD has rapidly expanded to an attractive alternative of technologically more changing UV/LIF and CD/CCD-based technique in both conventional fused silica capillary assay and microchip-based frameworks; see for example refs. [330] and [331][332][333], respectively.…”

Polymer Based Microchip for Combined Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrochemical Detection

“…An ideal electrochemical cell consists of different electrode materials for the working and reference electrodes and a pseudo reference [17,22]. In order to optimize the electrochemical signal in the system, we modified in-situ the gold reference electrodes into an Ag/AgCl electrode.…”

“…It also has the advantage in that it is a robust method of detection and thus is the ideal choice for cheap, portable and disposable devices. Among a wide range of electrochemical detection [17,22], amperometric detection is attractive because of its high sensitivity, easily miniaturisable and compatible for Lab-on-Chip systems.…”

An end-channel amperometric detector for microchip capillary electrophoresis

“…It has primary benefits of micro total analysis system (-TAS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), such as fast separation, high efficiency, low consumption of reagents and portability, etc. [3]. However, sensitive and miniature detection method was essential to fully exhibit the advantages of MCCE.…”

“…Among that, amperometric detection is the most sensitive and widely used in MCCE. More than 60 relative papers and several reviews [3,9] had been published, which were classified into off-channel, in-channel and end-channel detection based on the location of working electrode in respect to the separation channel. Because of the trivial effect of separation field on the detection circuit and its simplification, end-channel amperometric detection was the predominated detection mode (about 80-90% articles employed this method).…”