Recent developments in biocatalysis in multiphasic ionic liquid reaction systems

Abstract

Ionic liquids are well known and frequently used 'designer solvents' for biocatalytic reactions. This review highlights recent achievements in the field of multiphasic ionic liquid-based reaction concepts. It covers classical biphasic systems including supported ionic liquid phases, thermo-regulated multi-component solvent systems (TMS) and polymerized ionic liquids. These powerful concepts combine unique reaction conditions with a high potential for future applications on a laboratory and industrial scale. The presence of a multiphasic system simplifies downstream processing due to the distribution of the catalyst and reactants in different phases.

Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst?

“…Thus, lipases are used in vitro to catalyze reactions different from those of the natural hydrolase function, [49][50][51][52][53][54] such as esterification, [55][56][57][58][59][60][61] acidolysis, [62][63][64][65][66][67] interesterificaton, [68][69][70][71] transesterification, [72][73][74][75][76] aminolysis, [77][78][79][80][81] perhydrolysis, 82,83 etc., together with a collection of the so-called promiscuous reactions. [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Lipases are usually quite stable, and so they have been used in diverse media, like aqueous media, organic solvents, [93][94][95] ionic liquids, [96]…”

Tuning Water Networks via Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures

“…In addition to membranes, other potential applications of IL/water mixtures include use as solvents for chemical extraction, separation and catalysis [16,24,26,34,35], solvents for biomolecules and protein stabilizers [36][37][38][39][40], tunable solvents for biocatalysis [41][42][43][44] and solvents for tailoring coordination chemistry and exchange rates of lanthanides [45,46]. In all of these applications, it is essential to develop a fundamental understanding of how different ILs alter water nanostructure at various ion/water concentrations.…”

Integration of ion exchange resin materials for a downstream‐processing approach of an imine reductase‐catalyzed reaction

“…Unfortunately, further downstream-processing (DSP) within such biocatalytic processes is often not investigated in detail and typically limited to an initial pH-shift of the aqueous reaction medium, followed by single or even multiple extractions and final distillation or column purification steps. Alternative nonconventional reaction media, such as ionic liquids, [37][38][39] deep eutectic solvents, 40,41 and others, [42][43][44] could be used to simplify the product isolation but may suffer from major drawbacks like activity losses of the biocatalyst and a high complexity associated with a cost-intensive system. In addition, in situ-product removal techniques, such as crystallization or membranes would be also a powerful addition, but are currently not widely applicable for IREDcatalyzed reaction systems.…”