Recent developments in calcium‐related obesity research

Major, Geneviève; Chaput, Jean‐Philippe; Ledoux, M.; St‐Pierre, Sylvie; Anderson, G. Harvey; Zemel, Michael B.; Tremblay, Angelo

doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00465.x

Cited by 145 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(284 reference statements)

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“…(21) Interventional studies of calcium supplementation have shown beneficial changes to the circulating lipid profile of elderly women, reduced visceral adipose tissue accumulation, transient reductions in blood pressure, and an increased rate of weight loss in obese patients. (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) In addition to methodologic differences, another explanation for our differences from the Bolland report may relate to lower bioavailability of calcium from calcium carbonate 600 mg with meals twice a day compared with calcium citrate 400 mg in the morning before breakfast and 600 mg in the evening. However, Lappe and Heaney, (29) using either 1400 mg of calcium citrate per day or 1500 mg of calcium carbonate per day, reported a decrease from 6.94 events per 1000 person-years in the placebo group to 4.76 events per 1000 person-years in the calcium group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: Results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up

Lewis

Calver

Zhu

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

188

126

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Concern has been expressed that calcium supplementation, a key intervention for preventing osteoporotic fracture in older women, may increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. To evaluate the risk further, an examination of complete verified atherosclerotic vascular hospitalization and mortality data from a 5-year randomized, controlled trial (RCT) of calcium carbonate and 4.5 years of posttrial follow-up was undertaken. This study used data from a published 5-year randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial [Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome Study (CAIFOS)]. The participants were 1460 women aged 75.1 AE 2.7 years at baseline (1998) recruited from the general population and randomized to receive 1200 mg of calcium carbonate daily or an identical placebo. All hospital admission and deaths during the 5-year study and the 4.5-year follow-up were derived from the Western Australian Data Linkage Service (WADLS). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the combined endpoint of atherosclerotic vascular mortality or first hospitalization were calculated using prespecified intention-to-treat and per-protocol models. The intervention group that received calcium supplementation did not have a higher risk of death or first-time hospitalization from atherosclerotic vascular disease in either the 5-year RCT [multivariate-adjusted HR ¼ 0.938, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.690-1.275] or during the 9.5 years of observational study (multivariate-adjusted HR ¼ 0.919, 95% CI 0.737-1

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: Results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up

Lewis

Calver

Zhu

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

188

126

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“…All these responses were partially reversed by high-Ca 2þ diets, the reversion being more successful with dairy sources of Ca 2þ than with Ca 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . In a recent review about Ca 2þ -related obesity research (68) , the authors discussed the different milk or dairy components that contribute to the impact of dairy Ca 2þ on body weight. First of all, milk proteins are more satiating than fat and carbohydrates and are often found to suppress appetite and intake.…”

Section: Relationship Between Dietary Ca 21 and Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms triggered by low-calcium diets

et al. 2009

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Ca is not only essential for bone mineralisation, but also for regulation of extracellular and intracellular processes. When the Ca2+ intake is low, the efficiency of intestinal Ca2+ absorption and renal Ca2+ reabsorption is increased. This adaptive mechanism involves calcitriol enhancement via parathyroid hormone stimulation. Bone is also highly affected. Low Ca2+ intake is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis. Patients with renal lithiasis may be at higher risk of recurrence of stone formation when they have low Ca2+ intake. The role of dietary Ca2+ on the regulation of lipid metabolism and lipogenic genes in adipocytes might explain an inverse relationship between dairy intake and BMI. Dietary Ca2+ restriction produces impairment of the adipocyte apoptosis and dysregulation of glucocorticosteroid metabolism in the adipose tissue. An inverse relationship between hypertension and a low-Ca2+ diet has been described. Ca2+ facilitates weight loss and stimulates insulin sensitivity, which contributes to the decrease in the blood pressure. There is also evidence that dietary Ca2+ is associated with colorectal cancer. Dietary Ca2+ could alter the ratio of faecal bile acids, reducing the cytotoxicity of faecal water, or it could activate Ca2+-sensing receptors, triggering intracellular signalling pathways. Also it could bind luminal antigens, transporting them into mucosal mononuclear cells as a mechanism of immunosurveillance and promotion of tolerance. Data relative to nutritional Ca2+ and incidences of other human cancers are controversial. Health professionals should be aware of these nutritional complications and reinforce the dairy intakes to ensure the recommended Ca2+ requirements and prevent diseases.

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“…In human studies, Ca supplementation of obese patients gave conflicting results [8,11]; these results can be analyzed as follows: Ca is not a drug, but a nutrient whose intake is only beneficial at physiological levels of intakes; Ca supplementation helps loosing weight, when basal intakes are low, and when it is associated with a hypocaloric diet.…”

Section: Calcium Dairy Products and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dairy products contain additional factors that could enhance the metabolic effects of Ca: for example, some trans isomers of fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which can contribute to the antihypertensive properties of dairy products [11,27].…”

Section: Calcium Dairy Products and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of trace elements and calcium on diabetes and obesity, and their complications: Protective effect of dairy products – A mini-review

Bouglé¹,

Bouhallab²,

Bureau³

et al. 2009

Dairy Sci. Technol.

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-Trace elements and minerals influence the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes and their complications, mainly through their involvement in peroxidation and inflammation. On the other hand, peroxidation and inflammation are liable to alter the metabolism of these nutrients, which should be taken into account when assessing their status. Milk products are capable of preventing iron-induced peroxidation and the metabolic complications of the diseases. Calcium, especially cow milk calcium, seems to be capable of preventing the development of adipocytes and obesity complications (inflammation, hypertension, and insulin resistance), mainly through interactions with vitamin D metabolism. These observations give an opportunity to influence the course of obesity by dietetic advices.calcium / trace element / iron / obesity / diabetes / peroxidationRésumé -Rôle des oligo-éléments et du calcium dans les formes de diabète et l'obésité et leurs complications. Effet protecteur des produits laitiers. Les oligo-éléments et les minéraux jouent un rôle dans la genèse de l'obésité, du diabète et de leurs complications métaboliques, en particulier par leur implications dans les phénomènes inflammatoires et la peroxydation. Ces derniers pouvant modifier par eux-mêmes le métabolisme des minéraux, il faut en tenir compte dans l'appréciation de leur statut. Les produits laitiers préviennent la peroxydation liée au fer (rôle principalement joué par les protéines) et les complications métaboliques : ainsi, le calcium, surtout d'origine laitière, interagit avec la vitamine D pour prévenir la différenciation des adipocytes, la lipogenèse et favoriser la production de chaleur ; il lutte contre l'inflammation, l'hypertension et la résistance à l'insuline, composants majeurs du risque cardio-vasculaire. Ces données ouvrent la voie à une intervention non médicamenteuse, sur le long terme, des maladies de civilisation.calcium / oligo-éléments / fer / obésité / diabète / peroxydation *Corresponding author (通讯作者): dbougle@wanadoo.fr Dairy Sci. Technol. 89 (2009) 213-218

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Recent developments in calcium‐related obesity research

Cited by 145 publications

References 162 publications

Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: Results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up

Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: Results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up

Molecular mechanisms triggered by low-calcium diets

Effects of trace elements and calcium on diabetes and obesity, and their complications: Protective effect of dairy products – A mini-review

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