Recent developments in canine atopic dermatitis: A review

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features. New results on the pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects are discussed in this review. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity may be involved in the largest subset of atopic patients, yet there is another subset for which such involvement cannot be documented. Alterations in epidermal barrier function, priming of cutaneous antigen-presenting cells with IgE, intrinsic keratinocyte defects, and development of autoimmunity are also factors that contribute to the primary disease. Polymorphisms in regions of the genome that are of key importance to the inflammatory response contribute to the patient's clinical picture. Secondary infections, especially with Staphylococcus and yeast organisms, strongly modify or augment the inflammatory response, which changes over time. After the treatment of secondary infections and skin inflammation the avoidance of causal allergens would prevent relapse. Another causative therapy is the variously effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. The newest treatments for canine AD (cyclosporin A and tacrolimus) are highly effective at suppressing the allergic response and comparable to treatment with glucocorticoids. Canine AD presents a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenge over a patient's lifetime, and no single treatment is universally effective.

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Pradofloxacin Tablets for the Treatment of Canine Pyoderma

“…3,[5][6][7][8] Pruritic skin diseases, such as allergic hypersensitivities that were present in 16 of the 20 dogs in this study, result in self-trauma and damage to the barrier function of the epidermis. 51 Furthermore, S. intermedius has been shown to adhere to corneocytes preferentially in dogs with atopic dermatitis. 52 In the study reported here, culture of S. intermedius from 15 (75%) of 20 dogs with superficial and deep pyoderma is in agreement with results of previously reported studies, [10][11][12] indicating that this organism is the most common canine skin pathogen.…”

Current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of canine atopic dermatitis

“…There appears to be a strong link between dog breed and the development of AD, suggesting a ge-netic link does exist 165,166 and diagnostic testing could be useful. A recent study by Wood et al 167 evaluated a variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 25 candidate genes in 242 dogs with AD and 417 healthy control dogs across several breeds and regions.…”

Toxoplasma gondii infection in the peritoneal macrophages of rats treated with glucocorticoids

“…Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important modulators of immune cell functions (Sternberg, 2006). Due to their well-known immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, synthetic GCs are widely used in clinical practice and are effective in the treatment of autoimmune disease (Sathasivam, 2008), immunological rejection (Everson et al 2003), atopic inflammatory disease (Tarpataki , 2006) and acute critical illness (Minneci et al 2004;Rady et al 2006).…”