Recent developments in catalyst systems for selective oligomerization and polymerization of higher α-olefins

Abstract

In this article a comprehensive review of the recent developments on the use of various types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the dimerization, oligomerization and polymerization of higher linear...

Achieving high molecular weight alternating copolymers of 1-octene with methyl acrylate via Lewis acid catalyzed copolymerization

“…Although poly(α-olefins) can be synthesized through coordination polymerization, such as homo-polymerization for isotactic polypropylene or copolymerization for functional polyolefins, 17,18 the simultaneous improvement of catalytic efficiency and copolymer molecular weight remains an unattained goal. 13,19 Furthermore, the incorporation of functional monomers, particularly polar monomers, into olefin copolymers is restricted by the limited tolerance of coordination polymerization catalysts towards polar monomers. 20,21 Unlike coordination polymerization, free radical polymerization exhibits less stringent limitation regarding the suitability of monomer types.…”

“…Although these α-olefins are valuable non-renewable petrochemical resources, 8–12 their chemical inertness poses a significant challenge when attempting to broaden their applications. 13,14 In fact, a portion of these olefins are presently being combusted, leading to a substantial waste of precious petroleum resources and a rise in carbon emissions. 2,15 To enhance the efficient utilization of non-renewable petrochemical resources and achieve carbon neutrality, it is crucial for the petrochemical industry to develop value-added strategies for the utilization of these low-value by-products.…”

Phase Relation and Reactivity of 1-Hexene under High-Pressure and High-Temperature Conditions

“…Therefore, various catalysts that promote the polymerization of 1-alkenes have been investigated. 1,2 Pressure-induced reactions of organic compounds are expected to contribute to green chemistry, because they can progress without catalysts and solvents. The addition reaction and polymerization occurred preferentially with increasing pressure because of the shortening of the intermolecular distance.…”

“…A small set of simple alkenes is typically used as the initial material for plastic polymers, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, which are some of the most common industrial materials owing to their mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. Therefore, various catalysts that promote the polymerization of 1-alkenes have been investigated. , Pressure-induced reactions of organic compounds are expected to contribute to green chemistry, because they can progress without catalysts and solvents. The addition reaction and polymerization occurred preferentially with increasing pressure because of the shortening of the intermolecular distance. − When unsaturated carbon bonds are present in organic molecules, polymerization can be enhanced and induced even at lower pressures than in saturated hydrocarbons with the same carbon numbers. − …”

The Dimerization and Oligomerization of Alkenes Catalyzed with Transition Metal Complexes: Catalytic Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

“…Metal hydrides, therefore, can serve as dominant reaction centers in these catalytic systems. Recent reviews on catalytic ethylene, propylene, and higher olefin oligomerization discussed the chemical methodologies, possible reaction mechanisms, techniques used to study the structure and physicochemical properties of oligomers, the practical implementation of these processes in the industry, and the potential applications for the resulting products [1,3,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”