Recent developments in effector biology of filamentous plant pathogens

Oliva, Ricardo; Win, Joe; Raffaele, Sylvain; Boutemy, Laurence S.; Bozkurt, Tolga O.; Segretin, María Eugenia; Stam, Remco; Schornack, Sebastián; Cano, Liliana; Damme, Mireille van; Huitema, Edgar; Thines, Marco; Banfield, M.J.; Kamoun, Sophien

doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01484.x

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1, bottom) might be proposed as a signature of bioactivity for the PcF Toxin Family. 8,22 As confirmed by direct mutagenesis, the Glu25 residue included in the signature, present in both PcF and SCR91 sub-family members, supports stronger bioactivity in our bioassays as compared to SCR74, where it is replaced by a disulfide-forming Cys residue. PcF's orthologs from both P. sojae and P. ramorum appear to share most part of this signature (not shown) but do not exhibit the RXLR motif required for oomycete proteins translocation inside host plant cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…These include the RXLR motif that is required for translocation of secreted oomycete effectors inside the host cell cytoplasm, and appears to identify those effectors directed to host intracellular targets. 2,5,7,8,10,12 As a result, the oomycete effectors are currently grouped under different classes based on their modulatory activity toward plant defense and immunity. 6 Furthermore, the oomycete effector secretome comprises several uncharacterized proteins resulting from large-scale comparative genomics efforts aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Phytophthora pathogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative structural and functional characterization of putative protein effectors belonging to the PcF toxin family from Phytophthora spp

et al. 2011

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The PcF Toxin Family (Pfam 09461) includes the characterized phytotoxic protein PcF from Phytophthora cactorum, as well as several predicted protein effectors from other Phytophthora species recently identified by comparative genomics. Here we provide first evidence that such 'putatives', recombinantly expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity, similarly to PcF, can trigger defense-related responses on tomato, that is leaf withering and phenylalanine ammonia lyase induction, although with various degrees of effectiveness. In addition, structural prediction by computer-aided homology modeling and subsequent structural/functional comparison after rational engineering of the disulfide-structured protein fold by site-directed mutagenesis, highlighted the surface-exposed conserved amino acid stretch SK(E/C)C as a possible structural determinant responsible for the differential phytotoxicity within this family of cognate protein effectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative structural and functional characterization of putative protein effectors belonging to the PcF toxin family from Phytophthora spp

et al. 2011

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“…In susceptible plants, these effectors promote infection by suppressing defense responses, enhancing susceptibility, or inducing disease symptoms. Alternatively, in resistant plants, effectors are recognized by the products of plant resistance genes, resulting in host cell death and effective defense responses known as the hypersensitive response (HR) (de Wit 2007;Kamoun 2007;Oliva et al 2010;Schornack et al 2009). …”

Section: Pathogenic Processes In Oomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientifically advanced solutions for chestnut ink disease

Choupina

Estevinho

Martins

2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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On the north regions of Portugal and Spain, the Castanea sativa Mill. culture is extremely important. The biggest productivity and yield break occurs due to the ink disease, the causal agent being the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. This oomycete is also responsible for the decline of many other plant species in Europe and worldwide. P. cinnamomi and Phytophthora cambivora are considered, by the generality of the authors, as the C. sativa ink disease causal agents. Most Phytophthora species secrete large amounts of elicitins, a group of unique highly conserved proteins that are able to induce hypersensitive response (HR) and enhances plant defense responses in a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) manner against infection by different pathogens. Some other proteins involved in mechanisms of infection by P. cinnamomi were identified by our group: endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (complete cds); exo-glucanase (partial cds) responsible by adhesion, penetration, and colonization of host tissues; glucanase inhibitor protein (GIP) (complete cds) responsible by the suppression of host defense responses; necrosis-inducing Phytophthora protein 1 (NPP1) (partial cds); and transglutaminase (partial cds) which inducts defense responses and disease-like symptoms. In this mini-review, we present some scientifically advanced solutions that can contribute to the resolution of ink disease.

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“…Many typical small proteins have been identified as signal peptides and genes of these are not homologous to those in any other organisms (Kamuon, 2007;Hogenhout et al, 2009). To date, 15 effector proteins have been identified, most of which are species specific, including 9 Avr proteins (PWL1, PWL2, Avr-Pita, Avr-Piz-t, Avr-Pia, Avr-Pii, Avr-Pik/km/kp, Avr-CO39, and ACE1) and the 6 most recently identified ones: BAS1, BAS2, BAS3, BAS4, S1p1, and MC69 (De Wit et al, 2009;Oliva et al, 2010). AVR-Pita is distributed widely in the protein complex and has high levels of polymorphisms caused by fragment deletion, point mutation, and transposition insertion (Zhou et al, 2007;Jia et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and expression of prokaryotic expression vectors fused with genes of Magnaporthe oryzae effector proteins and mCherry

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Ml³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prokaryotic expression of the Magnaporthe oryzae effector genes BAS1 and BAS4 fused to the fluorescent protein mCherry. Based on previous polymorphic analysis of BAS1 and BAS4 in rice blast strains using PCR, blast strains containing the PCR products of BAS1 and BAS4 were selected for liquid culture for total RNA extraction. For PCR analysis, cDNA was selected as a template to amplify the coding region of BAS1 and BAS4, the plasmid pXY201 was selected as template to amplify the mCherry sequence, and the three sequences were cloned into pMD showed that the sequence sizes of BAS1, BAS4, and mCherry were 348, 309, and 711 bp, respectively, and these were cloned into pMD ® 19-T vectors. After digestion and gel purification, the fragments of BAS1 and mCherry, BAS4 and mCherry were ligated into pGEX-4T-1 vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 competent cells. The expressed proteins were approximately 60 kDa, corresponding to their theoretical size. Prokaryotic expression products of BAS1 and BAS4 fused to mCherry were presented in this study, providing a base for constructing prokaryotic expression vectors of pathogen effector genes fused to mCherry, which will contribute to further study of the subcellular localization, function, and protein interactions of these effectors.

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Recent developments in effector biology of filamentous plant pathogens

Cited by 42 publications

References 2 publications

Comparative structural and functional characterization of putative protein effectors belonging to the PcF toxin family from Phytophthora spp

Comparative structural and functional characterization of putative protein effectors belonging to the PcF toxin family from Phytophthora spp

Scientifically advanced solutions for chestnut ink disease

Construction and expression of prokaryotic expression vectors fused with genes of Magnaporthe oryzae effector proteins and mCherry

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