Recent Developments in Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

Liu, Yuefeng; Feng, Jing; Bi, Yan‐Gang; Yin, Da; Sun, Hong–Bo

doi:10.1002/admt.201800371

Cited by 120 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…Other devices including LEDs, electrochemical sensors, capacitors, thermoelectric generators and batteries have adapted materials like polyurethane, cellulose nanofibers, and parylene to address challenges including surface roughness, biodegradability, and compatibility with aqueous and biological media (Ummartyotin et al, 2012;Jung et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2017;Park et al, 2018;Liu Y.-F. et al, 2019). With the field moving toward personalized devices, wearables, textiles, and single-use electronics, there are inherent opportunities for substrates that can conform to different shapes, withstand the mechanical deformations of the skin and motion of the body, and can repair themselves after being damaged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

2020

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The concept of flexible electronics has been around for several decades. In principle, anything thin or very long can become flexible. While cables and wiring are the prime example for flexibility, it was not until the space race that silicon wafers used for solar cells in satellites were thinned to increase their power per weight ratio, thus allowing a certain degree of warping. This concept permitted the first flexible solar cells in the 1960s (Crabb and Treble, 1967). The development of conductive polymers (Shirakawa et al., 1977), organic semiconductors, and amorphous silicon (Chittick et al., 1969; Okaniwa et al., 1983) in the following decades meant huge strides toward flexibility and processability, and thus these materials became the base for electronic devices in applications that require bending, rolling, folding, and stretching, among other properties that cannot be fulfilled by conventional electronics (Cheng and Wagner, 2009) (Figure 1). Presently there is great interest in new materials and fabrication techniques which allow for highperformance scalable electronic devices to be manufactured directly onto flexible substrates. This interest has also extended to not only flexibility but also properties like stretchability and healability which can be achieved by utilizing elastomeric substrates with strong molecular interactions (Oh et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2018). Likewise, biocompatibility and biodegradability has been achieved through polymers that do not cause adverse effect to the body and can be broken down into smaller constituent pieces after utilization (Bettinger and Bao, 2010; Irimia-Vladu et al., 2010; Liu H. et al., 2019). This new progress is now enabling devices which can conform to complex and dynamic surfaces, such as those found in biological systems and bioinspired soft robotics. These next-generation flexible electronics open up a wide range of exciting new applications such as flexible lighting and display technologies for consumer electronics, architecture, and textiles, wearables with sensors that help monitor our health and habits, implantable electronics for improved medical imaging and diagnostics, as well as extending the functionality of robots and unmanned aircraft through lightweight and conformable energy harvesting devices and sensors. While conventional electronics are very capable of these functions, flexible electronics are intended to expand the mechanical features to adhere to novel form factors through hybrid strategies, or as standalone solutions where the application does not require high computation power, intended to be highly robust to deformation, low cost, thin, or disposable. The definition of flexibility differs from application to application. From bending and rolling for easier handling of large area photovoltaics, to conforming onto irregular shapes, folding, twisting, stretching, and deforming required for devices in electronic skin, all while maintaining device performance and reliability. While early progress and many important innovations have alre...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

2020

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“…Due to their highly conjugated backbones that are in oxidized or reduced states, conductive polymers are electrically conductive . In addition, because of the merits such as low moduli, chemistry‐structure‐properties tunability, and easy and scalable processing, conductive polymers have been investigated for many unique electronic and optoelectronic applications . By doping conductive polymers with bulky organic anions, they can be easily processed in solution formats used in conventional processing techniques, such as spin‐coating and printing .…”

Section: Rubbery Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

2019

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processes, and device structures have been transforming traditional wafer electronics to be soft, stretchy, and reconfigurable. In particular, owing to their superior mechanical characteristics, i.e., soft, bendable, stretchable, and twistable, stretchable electronics hold promise in health monitors, [1] medical implants, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] artificial skins, [5,6,[11][12][13][14][15] human-machine interfaces, [11,[16][17][18][19][20] wearable internet of things, [21][22][23][24] etc.As the core and fundamental building block of active electronics, transistors constructed from semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics are key to enabling electrical functionalities such as switching and amplification. To make transistors stretchable, either the associated electronic materials need to be stretchable or special mechanical structures and layouts need to be included in the transistor design. There are many studies reporting stretchable conductors, as reviewed in the following, while many readily available dielectric materials are stretchy. These have significantly offered many possible options in the device design space. To date, the dominant semiconductors employed for stretchable electronics are either conventional or emerging semiconductors. However, these materials, either in the format of inorganics (such as Si, GaAs, oxides) or organics (such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or P3HT, pentacene), are mechanically nonstretchable. [20,21] Existing strategies to make these nonstretchable semiconductors stretchable mainly involve creating special mechanical structures or architectures with these materials, such as out-of-plane wrinkles, [25,26] in-plane serpentines, [27,28] rigid islands with deformable interconnects, [29][30][31] and kirigami architectures, [32][33][34] to eliminate mechanical strain while they are stretched. However, these approaches require sophisticated structural designs, complicated manufacturing processes, or consume a large area due to stretchable interconnection, all of which pose substantial challenges in high-density integration, packaging, associated high cost, and mass production.Constructing devices all from intrinsically stretchable elastomeric electronic materials offers another interesting yet promising route toward stretchable transistors and electronics. These types of electronics, namely rubbery electronics, neatly avoid the aforementioned challenges since they do not require structural engineering for device fabrication and the manufacturing processes can be adopted into conventional fabrication processes. [29,35] In addition, rubbery electronics offer better cost Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engine...

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“…FPDs fabricated on lightweight and plastic substrates have gained growing interests in recent years owing to their possible applications in wearable electronics, touch screens and pressure sensing, etc. It was reported that a high performance FPDs need to have several key properties such as the initial flexibility and the capacity to retain a stable performance upon repeated bending, folding and/or stretching . Thus, each of the PDs covering substrate, electrodes and functional materials should be mechanically stable and flexible.…”

Section: Flexible Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in flexible photodetectors based on metal halide perovskite

Hao

Zou

Huang

2019

InfoMat

100

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Flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have been receiving increasing attention in recent years because of their potential applications in electronic eyes, bioinspired sensing, smart textiles, and wearable devices. Moreover, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with outstanding optical and electrical properties, good mechanical flexibility, lowcost and low-temperature solution-processed fabrication have become promising candidates as light harvesting materials in FPDs. Herein, we comprehensively review the developments of FPDs based on MHPs reported recently. This review firstly provides an introduction with respect to the performance parameters and device configurations of perovskite photodetectors, followed by the specific requirements of FPDs including substrate and electrode materials. Next, chemical compositions, structures and preparation methods of MHPs are presented. Then, the FPDs on the basis of single-component perovskite and hybrid structure perovskite are discussed, subsequently, self-powered flexible perovskite photodetectors were presented. In the end, conclusions and challenges are put forward in the field of FPDs based on perovskites. K E Y W O R D S metal halide perovskites, flexible photodetectors, self-powered

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Recent Developments in Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

Cited by 120 publications

References 171 publications

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

Flexible Electronics: Status, Challenges and Opportunities

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

Recent developments in flexible photodetectors based on metal halide perovskite

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