Recent developments in heterogeneous electrocatalysts for ambient nitrogen reduction to ammonia: Activity, challenges, and future perspectives

A High-Throughput Screening toward Efficient Nitrogen Fixation: Transition Metal Single-Atom Catalysts Anchored on an Emerging π–π Conjugated Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C10N3) Substrate with Dirac Dispersion

“…1−5 As a substitute for hydrogen energy, compared with free H 2 molecules, ammonia is also regarded as a crucial transportation fuel, alternative hydrogen storage molecule, and intensive energy carrier that could be conveniently transported and stored. 6 Gaseous N 2 needs extremely large cleavage energy to fracture the strong N�N triple bond due to its ultrahigh bonding strength, absence of permanent polarity, and low chemical activity resulting from the shared charges in π/2σ orbitals, 7 which results in problematic NH 3 production at ambient conditions. Currently, industrial-scale NH 3 synthesis has mainly been achieved through the capital-and energy-intensive Haber-Bosch (H−B) approach 8 usually necessitating severe temperature (300−600 °C) and ultrahigh pressure (150−300 atm), 9 which is unsustainable and disadvantageous.…”

“…As a significant hydrogen-rich chemical sustaining the world’s population, ammonia (NH 3 ) undoubtedly plays an irreplaceable role in industry and agriculture and is recognized as a key upstream starting necessity for manufacturing value-added chemicals. − As a substitute for hydrogen energy, compared with free H 2 molecules, ammonia is also regarded as a crucial transportation fuel, alternative hydrogen storage molecule, and intensive energy carrier that could be conveniently transported and stored . Gaseous N 2 needs extremely large cleavage energy to fracture the strong NN triple bond due to its ultrahigh bonding strength, absence of permanent polarity, and low chemical activity resulting from the shared charges in π/2σ orbitals, which results in problematic NH 3 production at ambient conditions.…”

Preparation of CoFe2O4-Doped TiO2 Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Annealing for Oxygen Electrocatalysis

“…In the current world, because of the global warming and other problems caused by the use of fossil energy, the demand for clean energy and renewable energy is growing. , Scientists estimate that, by 2050, with the depletion of fossil energy, renewable energy will account for 70–85% of the total electricity consumption. − Solar energy and wind energy are the most widely used renewable energy resources in the world, but their supply depends on the weather. Therefore, effective energy storage and conversion technologies are needed to compensate for unstable solar radiation and wind energy, such as hydrogen and ammonia. , Among many storage and conversion strategies for utilizing the green energy, battery energy storage has attracted worldwide attention and is considered to be the most feasible and reliable technology …”

“…Therefore, effective energy storage and conversion technologies are needed to compensate for unstable solar radiation and wind energy, such as hydrogen and ammonia. 6,7 Among many storage and conversion strategies for utilizing the green energy, battery energy storage has attracted worldwide attention and is considered to be the most feasible and reliable technology. 8 Because of its high theoretical energy density and special oxygen cathode, the metal−air battery has become the focus of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices.…”

CoFe layered double hydroxides with adjustable composition and structure for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

“…Nonnoble metal-based catalysts have low cost and adjustable electronic structures, 10,11 mainly including alloys, 12–14 oxides, 15–17 phosphides, 18–20 sulfides, 21,22 nitrides, 23 LDH, 24–27 MOFs, 28–30 and composite materials of transition metals ( e.g. , manganese, cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, and molybdenum).…”