Recent Developments in Palladium‐Based Bimetallic Catalysts

Abstract

As one of the alternative metals to platinum, which supports a wide range of applications in chemistry and catalysis in industry, palladium increasingly receives attention because of its similar physicochemical properties. However, Pd is generally less expensive than Pt and has a richer natural reserve. Herein, some recently developed techniques for the preparation and characterization of Pd‐based bimetallic catalysts are reviewed. The impact on catalytic reactions of interest, including hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, reforming, the oxygen reduction reaction, and hydrodesulfurization are also discussed. It is shown that the catalytic performance of Pd‐based bimetallic catalysts is strongly dependent on the geometric and electronic states of Pd, which can be significantly affected by blended foreign element(s). Rationalization of the structure–activity relationship can provide useful guidelines to the fine tuning of these important catalytic reactions.

Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Hydrogenolysis of Platform Derived Molecules Promoted by Heterogeneous Pd-Fe Catalysts

“…All these techniques are widely used because they provide accurate results allowing to obtain both quantitative and qualitative results [108].…”

“…Homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium-based catalysts have found a potential application in several industrial reactions including hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, reforming, oxidation, coupling reactions, carbonylation/decarbonylation and hydrodesulphurization [94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. With respect to other PGM elements, palladium is characterized by a fundamental electronic configuration unique among transition metals (4d 10 , 5s 0 ) [107] that can be strongly influenced by the coordination environment [108]. The modification of catalytic properties of palladium by adding a second metal can be related, from a general point of view, in terms of (i) "ligand" effects (related to shifting of the d-band density); (ii) "ensemble" effect (a dilution of palladium surface by a relatively unreactive second co-metal); (iii) "stabilizing" effect (improving the active sites stability) [109][110][111][112][113][114].…”

Agarose functionalized phosphorus ligand for stabilization of small-sized palladium and copper nanoparticles: efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira reaction

“…Due to the abundant catalytic applications of palladium catalysts, among the different types of bimetallic catalysts, palladium based bimetallic catalysts are designated as promising catalysts in different organic transformations. 12 For instance, Pd/Ni, 13 Pd/Au, 14 Pd/Pt, 15 and Pd/Cu 16 have been introduced as efficient bimetallic materials in different applications.…”

The Effect of Gamma-Al2O3Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd4Cluster

“…[1][2][3] One of the most common and established use of palladium catalyst is to control automobile exhaust gas emission. [4][5][6] Use of catalytic converter in automobile exhaust is a requirement to reach the recommended limits for emission of toxic byproducts.…”