Recent Developments in PVC Polymerization

Törnell, Bertil

doi:10.1080/03602558808070100

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, these theories explain only partially the effect on porosity of suspending agents that are not soluble in the organic phase, such as poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs) of high degree of hydrolysis and some celluloses. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the effect of suspending agents used as porosity promoters or porosizers that are not soluble in either phase, such as PVA of degree of hydrolysis in the range 40 -60% (Törnell, 1988;Törnell and Uustalu, 1982). The effect of the latter suspending agents on S-PVC porosity and other properties was researched by Ormondroyd (1988) and Nilsson et al (1985), among other investigators.…”

Section: Vcm Suspension Polymerization Overviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mathematical modeling of the porosity of suspension poly(vinyl chloride)

Márquez¹,

Lagos²

2004

AIChE Journal

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A mathematical model that describes the effect of conversion and polymerization temperature on the porosity of suspension poly(vinyl chloride) is proposed. The model considers that the packing of the primary particles that develop in the polymerizing drop begins at a conversion at which the particles become motionless. The model considers the morphology of the primary particles as a group of particles with a particular sphericity that form a network whose porosity decreases as conversion increases. Furthermore, the model considers the effect on porosity of the desorption of residual monomer and the difference in contraction and

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Section: Vcm Suspension Polymerization Overviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mathematical modeling of the porosity of suspension poly(vinyl chloride)

Márquez¹,

Lagos²

2004

AIChE Journal

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“…Chain transfer to monomer for vinyl acetate had been attributed to transfer from the acetoxy methyl group [Nozakura et al, 1972] although experiments with vinyl trideuteroacetate and trideuterovinyl acetate indicate that more than 90% of the transfer occurs at the vinyl hydrogens [Litt and Chang, 1981]. The very high value of C M for vinyl chloride is attributed to a reaction sequence involving the propagating center XVIII formed by head-to-head addition [Hjertberg and Sorvik, 1983;Llauro-Darricades et al, 1989;Starnes, 1985;Starnes et al, 1983;Tornell, 1988]. Intramolecular migration of a chlorine atom (Eq.…”

Section: -6b-2 Monomer Transfer Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is commercially produced by suspension polymerization [Brydson, 1999;Endo, 2002;Saeki and Emura, 2002;Tornell, 1988] polymerizations are used to a much lesser extent, and solution polymerization is seldom used. Suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride is generally carried out in a batch reactor such as that shown in Fig.…”

Section: -14c-1 Poly(vinyl Chloride)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical Chain Polymerization

Odian

2004

Principles of Polymerization

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“…The sustainable expansion of the PVC industry is due to the high versatility of PVC as a plastic raw material together with its low price. A review of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of PVC polymerization can be found in works by Smallwood, 1 Burgess, 3 Langsam, 4 Tornell, 5 Xie et al, 6,7 and Yuan et al 8 Four polymerization processes (i.e., suspension, bulk, emulsion, and solution) are commercially employed in PVC manufacturing. Approximately 80% of the total PVC production is obtained by the suspension polymerization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Kinetic Model for the Free-Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride in the Presence of Monofunctional and Bifunctional Initiators

Krallis

Kotoulas

Papadopoulos

et al. 2004

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A comprehensive kinetic model is developed for the suspension free-radical polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) initiated by a mixture of monofunctional and bifunctional initiators. The model predicts the monomer concentrations in the gas, aqueous, and polymer phases; the overall monomer conversion; the polymerization rate; the polymer chain structural characteristics (e.g., number-and weight-average molecular weights, short chain branching, and number of terminal double bonds); the reactor temperature and pressure; and the coolant flow rate and temperature in the reactor's jacket over the whole batch polymerization cycle. The capabilities of the model are demonstrated by a direct comparison of model predictions with experimental data on monomer conversion, number-and weight-average molecular weights, and reactor pressure. It is shown that high molecular weights and high polymerization rates can be obtained in the presence of a mixture of monofunctional and bifunctional initiators. Moreover, the use of bifunctional initiators results in a significant reduction of the polymerization time without impairing the final molecular weight properties of the polymer. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive kinetic modeling study on the combined use of monofunctional and bifunctional initiators on the free-radical suspension polymerization of VC. Taking into consideration the excellent agreement of the model predictions with the experimental measurements, the proposed model should find wide application in the design, optimization, and control of industrial poly(vinyl chloride) batch reactors.

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Recent Developments in PVC Polymerization

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Mathematical modeling of the porosity of suspension poly(vinyl chloride)

Mathematical modeling of the porosity of suspension poly(vinyl chloride)

Radical Chain Polymerization

A Comprehensive Kinetic Model for the Free-Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride in the Presence of Monofunctional and Bifunctional Initiators

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