Recent developments in selective catalytic conversion of lignin into aromatics and their derivatives

Sudarsanam, Putla; Duolikun, Tuerxun; Babu, P. Suresh; Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala; Johan, Mohd Rafie

doi:10.1007/s13399-019-00530-1

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Metal catalysts and supported metal catalysts were employed in the presence of hydrogen to convert lignin into monomers in hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation processes. [9,21,25,[31][32][33][34][35]. The Ni/Al alloy was utilized as starting material to produce a catalyst in novel hydrogenolysis: this was obtained exposing Ni, the active phase, by etching Al atoms in an alkaline aqueous solution [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

et al. 2021

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The use of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain biofuels and chemicals produces a large amount of lignin as a byproduct. Lignin valorization into chemicals needs efficient conversion processes to be developed. In this work, hydrocracking of organosolv lignin was performed by using nickel Raney catalyst. Organosolv lignin was obtained from the pretreatment of eucalyptus wood at 170 °C for 1 h by using 1/100/100 (w/v/v) ratio of biomass/oxalic acid solution (0.4% w/w)/1-butanol. The resulting organic phase of lignin in 1-butanol was used in hydrogenation tests. The conversion of lignin was carried out with a batch reactor equipped with a 0.3 L vessel with adjustable internal stirrer and heat control. The reactor was pressurized at 5 bar with hydrogen at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 250 °C and kept for 30 min. Operative conditions were optimized to achieve high conversion in monomers and to minimize the loss of solvent. At the best performance conditions, about 10 wt % of the lignin was solubilized into monomeric phenols. The need to find a trade-off between lignin conversion and solvent side reaction was highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

et al. 2021

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“…Lignin is the major non-polysaccharide structural component of lignocellulosic biomass at approximately 18-30% of the total dry mass weight and, as such, represents a promising source of reduced carbon for fuels and chemicals. While many biore ning concepts consider the use of process-modi ed lignins as a relatively low-value fuel to provide process heat and power [5][6][7][8], if key functionalities can be preserved or process modi cations of the lignin are minimized, lignin can serve as a source of renewable aromatics for a diverse range of co-product applications. As one example, process-modi ed lignins can be utilized as a renewable bio-based polyol in the production of polyurethanes [9,10], which has been shown to exhibit improved biodegradability compared to the petroleum-based polyurethanes [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technoeconomic Evaluation of Recent Process Improvements in Production of Sugar and High-Value Lignin Co-Products via Two-Stage Cu-Catalyzed Alkaline-Oxidative Pretreatment

Yuan

Bals

Hegg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background A lignocellulose-to-biofuel biorefinery process that enables multiple product streams is recognized as a promising strategy to improve the economics of this biorefinery and to accelerate technology commercialization. We recently identified an innovative pretreatment technology that enables of the production of sugars at high yields while simultaneously generating a high-quality lignin stream that has been demonstrated as both a promising renewable polyol replacement for polyurethane applications and is highly susceptible to depolymerization into monomers. This technology comprises a two-stage pretreatment approach that includes an alkaline pre-extraction followed by a metal-catalyzed alkaline-oxidative pretreatment. Our recent work demonstrated that H2O2 and O2 act synergistically as co-oxidants during the alkaline-oxidative pretreatment and could significantly reduce the pretreatment chemical input while maintaining high sugar yields, high lignin yields, and improvements in lignin usage. Results This study considers the economic impact of these advances and provides strategies that could lead to additional economic improvements for future commercialization. The results of the technoeconomic analysis (TEA) demonstrated that adding O2 as a co-oxidant at 50 psig for the alkaline-oxidative pretreatment and reducing the raw material input reduced the minimum fuel selling price from $1.08/L to $0.85/L, assuming recoverable lignin is used as a polyol replacement. If additional lignin can be recovered and sold as more valuable monomers, the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) can be further reduced to $0.73/L. Conclusions The present work demonstrated that high sugar and lignin yields combined with low raw material inputs and increasing the value of lignin could greatly increase the economic viability of a poplar-based biorefinery. Continued research on integrating sugar production with lignin valorization is thus warranted to confirm this economic potential as the technology matures.

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“…However, the complex structure of lignin makes processing a challenge. Thermochemical processes, such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction, lead to high yields of gas and char [4] . Alternatively, hydrogenolysis is a promising route for selective lignin conversion into value‐added chemicals [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Catalyst Support's Physicochemical Properties on Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation over Palladium Catalysts

et al. 2021

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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) is a promising reaction for valorisation of bio‐based feedstocks via hydrogenation without needing to use H2. Unlike standard hydrogenation, CTH occurs via dehydrogenation (DHD) of a hydrogen donor (H‐donor) and hydrogenation (HYD) of a substrate. Therefore, the “ideal” CTH catalyst must balance the catalysis of both reactions to maximize the hydrogen transfer between H‐donor and substrate with minimal H2 loss to gas (high atom efficiency). Additionally, the H‐donor must be highly stable to prevent secondary reactions with the substrate. Herein we study the impact of the catalyst's properties on CTH of guaiacol using bicyclohexyl, a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, as a H‐donor. The reaction was promoted by palladium dispersed on three typical support materials (γ‐Al2O3, MgO, and SiO2). The performance of these catalysts in the conversion of bicyclohexyl and guaiacol was evaluated, allowing to estimate the H‐transfer efficiency, as well as the potential for recycling the spent H‐donor (bicyclohexyl). The apparent activation energies for DHD of bicyclohexyl and HYD of guaiacol revealed that slow DHD combined with fast HYD, as is the case with Pd/MgO, favours hydrogen transfer efficiency and selectivity towards hydrogenated products. In addition, an investigation of the DHD of bicyclohexyl and HYD of guaiacol independently showed that the affinity between the organic molecules and the support significantly impacts CTH. Indeed, Pd/SiO2 was highly active for both reactions individually and almost inactive for CTH. Consequently, these findings highlight the importance of the interaction between solvent‐substrate‐support in designing catalysts for transfer hydrogenation.

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Recent developments in selective catalytic conversion of lignin into aromatics and their derivatives

Cited by 26 publications

References 84 publications

Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst

Technoeconomic Evaluation of Recent Process Improvements in Production of Sugar and High-Value Lignin Co-Products via Two-Stage Cu-Catalyzed Alkaline-Oxidative Pretreatment

Role of Catalyst Support's Physicochemical Properties on Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation over Palladium Catalysts

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