Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic

Shao, M.; Jiang, Jie; Li, Ming; Wu, Lijie; Hu, Mingzhu

doi:10.1515/revac-2016-0012

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Supercritical CO 2 is often used as an extracting solvent, which has the capability of attaining recoveries above 97%. Moreover, the extraction efficiency of SFE can be further improved by the use of modifiers such as acetonitrile, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran [89]. A successful application of SFE in the extraction of PBDEs from polymeric materials was reported by Peng et al [90].…”

Section: Sample Pre-treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques

Nzangya¹,

Ndunda²,

Bosire³

et al. 2021

Emerging Contaminants

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Environmental pollution has been a challenging phenomenon in most developing countries, due to the weak enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result, humans and animals are exposed to different environmental pollutants, which threaten their very existence. Some of the emerging pollutants of great concern are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) since they are categorized as probable human carcinogens and are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of animals and humans, reaching toxic levels upon continued exposure. Monitoring of these pollutants is therefore paramount as it contributes to addressing the problem of human exposure and environmental pollution. Their monitoring involves sample preparation methods followed by quantification with various detection techniques. Sample preparation methods that aim at reducing matrix interferences, enriching analytes and transfer of analytes to a desirable solvent, have evolved from conventional methods to advanced methods that facilitate the detection of these chemicals at very low concentrations. Likewise, detection techniques have advanced from chromatographic detection techniques to miniaturized systems that involve sensors. This chapter discusses PBDEs as emerging pollutants, their sources, and toxicological implications on humans, as well as advances in sample preparation methods and detection techniques in the determination of PBDEs.

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Section: Sample Pre-treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques

Nzangya¹,

Ndunda²,

Bosire³

et al. 2021

Emerging Contaminants

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show abstract

“…PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyl [PBBs] as flame retardants in plastic ( 50 ) can decrease the circulating level of thyroid hormones and are associated with impaired thyroid function ( 51 ). It has been reported that five weeks of rats’ exposure to 1, 3, 6, and 10mg/kg/day of polystyrene nanoplastics [PS-NPs] suppress the serum level of T3, FT3, and FT4 synthesis and circulating level of thyroid hormones ( 41 ) ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Mps Nps and Associated Chemicals On The Mammalian...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

et al. 2023

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Over the years, the vaste expansion of plastic manufacturing has dramatically increased the environmental impact of microplastics [MPs] and nanoplastics [NPs], making them a threat to marine and terrestrial biota because they contain endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] and other harmful compounds. MPs and NPs have deleteriouse impacts on mammalian endocrine components such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, and ovaries. MPs and NPs absorb and act as a transport medium for harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyl ether, organotin, perfluorinated compounds, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic contaminants, and heavy metals, which are commonly used as additives in plastic production. As the EDCs are not covalently bonded to plastics, they can easily leach into milk, water, and other liquids affecting the endocrine system of mammals upon exposure. The toxicity induced by MPs and NPs is size-dependent, as smaller particles have better absorption capacity and larger surface area, releasing more EDC and toxic chemicals. Various EDCs contained or carried by MPs and NPs share structural similarities with specific hormone receptors; hence they interfere with normal hormone receptors, altering the hormonal action of the endocrine glands. This review demonstrates size-dependent MPs’ bioaccumulation, distribution, and translocation with potential hazards to the endocrine gland. We reviewed that MPs and NPs disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid/adrenal/testicular/ovarian axis leading to oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, decreased sperm quality, and immunotoxicity. The direct consequences of MPs and NPs on the thyroid, testis, and ovaries are documented. Still, studies need to be carried out to identify the direct effects of MPs and NPs on the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands.

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Shortening the Analysis Time of a “Ready-To-Use” Relative Response Factor Database-Coupled Pyrolyzer/Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method of Screening for Phthalate Esters, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Polybrominated Biphenyls in Polymers

Kudo,

Uchimura

2024

Chromatographia

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Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques

A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

Shortening the Analysis Time of a “Ready-To-Use” Relative Response Factor Database-Coupled Pyrolyzer/Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method of Screening for Phthalate Esters, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Polybrominated Biphenyls in Polymers

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