Recent developments in the application of electron accelerators for polymer processing

Chmielewski, A.G.; Al-Sheikhly, M.; Berejka, Anthony J.; Cleland, M.R.; Antoniak, M.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.06.024

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Based on these insights the authors used X-ray irradiation as a new approach to overcome the described limitations. Shortly after X-rays and their ability to penetrate matter have been discovered by W. C. Röntgen in 1895 [19], their effect on biological, physical, and chemical material properties was identified. One of the first medical applications was the X-ray tubes for blood irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first medical applications was the X-ray tubes for blood irradiation. e dose needed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes amounts 0.01-10 Gy, whereas industrial applications require up to multiple kilo-grays [19,20]. With its high penetration depth and a moderate dose rate, X-ray offers optimized processing parameters which allow for warm irradiation and for preserving from early oxidation as e-beam does.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Irradiation Temperature on Oxidative and Network Properties of X-Ray Cross-Linked Vitamin E Stabilized UHMWPE for Hip Arthroplasty

Mulliez

Schilling²,

Grupp

2020

BioMed Research International

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Previous studies have shown that increased cross-link density, reduced free radicals, and increased antioxidant grafting resulting from electron-beam irradiation at elevated temperatures improved the wear performance and the oxidative stability of vitamin E blended UHMWPE. The current study explores the impact of elevated irradiation temperature on vitamin E blended UHMWPE using X-ray. We hypothesize that the effects of temperature would be similar to those observed after electron-beam irradiation due to the relatively high dose rate of X-rays. Two X-ray doses of 80 and 100 kGy and two irradiation temperatures, that is, room temperature and 100°C were considered. The reference was Vitelene®, a vitamin E stabilized polyethylene cross-linked with 80 kGy by e-beam at 100°C. Oxidation index and oxidation induction time, as well as cross-link density, gel fraction, and trans-vinylene index, were determined, as the oxidative and network properties are decisive for the long-term implant performance. Gel fraction and oxidation induction time were significantly improved subsequently to warm irradiation in comparison with the material irradiated at room temperature. In conclusion, X-ray irradiation at elevated temperatures resulted in an increase of cross-linking and oxidative resistance of vitamin E stabilized polyethylene comparable to those of e-beam irradiated UHMWPE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Irradiation Temperature on Oxidative and Network Properties of X-Ray Cross-Linked Vitamin E Stabilized UHMWPE for Hip Arthroplasty

Mulliez

Schilling²,

Grupp

2020

BioMed Research International

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“…EB curing systems are broken up into two major categories, cationic and free-radical, 23 each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These systems are typically more energy-efficient than thermal systems (up to 60% according to Chmielewski and Al-Sheikhly 24 ) and cure in seconds to 10's of seconds depending on beam energy level, formulation, and scan speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid consolidation and curing of advanced composites using electron beam irradiation

Rizzolo

Walczyk

Kuppers

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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A low-cost, low-waste manufacturing method for advanced thermoset composite parts could improve market penetration of composites compared to other engineering materials such as aluminum or steel. Such a method could combine some of the new trends in composites manufacturing such as resin infusion (eliminates need for prepreg), out-ofautoclave consolidation, and snap curing. The feasibility of a hybrid process with these characteristics has been demonstrated by uniting liquid composite molding, resin curing by electron beam irradiation, and high pressure consolidation with specialized elastomeric tooling. To demonstrate feasibility, a mold set was designed to make flat, square four-ply woven carbon fiber parts by (1) vacuum-infusing dry preforms with an electron beam-curable epoxy resin in minutes, (2) applying 690 kPa of uniform pressure and consolidating in seconds using an elastomer-faced specialized elastomeric tooling tool and simple hydraulic press, and (3) curing in seconds using a 3 MeV electron beam source. To better understand how various process parameters affect part performance, parameters are varied in a simple design of experiments, and flexural strength and stiffness, thickness distribution, fiber and void volume fractions, surface roughness, and crosssectional characteristics (via microscopy) are measured and compared.

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“…The aging experiments conducted under high energy radiation exposure offer useful information for the selection of technological parameters [1,2]. The market requirements as well as the innovative research stimulate endurance studies under ionizing radiation, because this kind of investigations involves high local energy transfer and an accelerated degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on radiation aging of PA6/EPDM blends

Zaharescu¹,

Lungulescu²,

Caramitu³

et al. 2015

Iran Polym J

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Recent developments in the application of electron accelerators for polymer processing

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of Irradiation Temperature on Oxidative and Network Properties of X-Ray Cross-Linked Vitamin E Stabilized UHMWPE for Hip Arthroplasty

Influence of Irradiation Temperature on Oxidative and Network Properties of X-Ray Cross-Linked Vitamin E Stabilized UHMWPE for Hip Arthroplasty

Rapid consolidation and curing of advanced composites using electron beam irradiation

Study on radiation aging of PA6/EPDM blends

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