Recent developments in the application of thermal analysis techniques in fossil fuels

Review of experimental methods to determine spontaneous combustion susceptibility of coal – Indian context

“…Infra-red (IR) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy are the most widely used technique to assess coal oxidation and weathering, and can provide additional coal structural change information (Balachandran, 2014;Di Nola, de Jong, & Spliethoff, 2010;Fang et al, 2006;Huffman, Huggins, Dunmyre, Pignocco, & Lin, 1985;Kister, Guiliano, Mille, & Dou, 1988;M. Kok, 2008;Ledesma, Kalish, Nelson, Wornat, & Mackie, 2000;Liotta, Brons, & Isaacs, 1983;MacPhee, Giroux, Charland, Gransden, & Price, 2004;Mahidin, Usui, Ishikawa, & Hamdani, 2002;Ogloza & Malhotra, 1989;Painter, Snyder, Pearson, & Kwong, 1980;Rhoads, Senftle, Coleman, Davis, & Painter, 1983;Wu, Robbins, Winschel, & Burke, 1988).…”

“…A number of researchers have used x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques with other FTIR, scanning electron microscope energy dispersive x-ray (SEM EDX) , Mossbauer spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy to examine the coal oxidation by studying mineral transformation and catalytic action of minerals (Gong, Pigram, & Lamb, 1998;Kelemen, George, & Gorbaty, 1990;M. Kok, 2008).…”

Insight into the intrinsic reaction of brown coal oxidation at low temperature: Differential scanning calorimetry study

“…DTA (differential thermal analysis), TG (thermogravimetry) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), have been increasingly used for assessing the proneness of coal to spontaneous heating [7,8]. Garcia et al [9] found that DSC was a useful technology to investigate the early stages of the oxidation of coal and the onset temperature was a better indicator of propensity of coal oxidation.…”

Thermogravimetric monitoring of oil refinery sludge

“…Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provides an effective alternative to chemical analysis for the characterization of fossil fuels [7]. TGA measures the mass loss of a sample subjected to a heating program under specific conditions in an inert (pyrolysis) or oxidative (combustion) atmosphere.…”

“…A review of the uses of thermal analysis for characterizing fossil fuels was recently published [7]. Karacan and Kok [8] showed that major SARA (saturates, aromatics, resin, and asphaltene) fractions of crude oil are thermally degraded via independent reactions and also that TGA is useful to calculate kinetic parameters such as the activation energy to characterize their thermal degradation [9][10].…”